Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer Siman 86

Siman 86

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אֵין מְקַבְּלִין פִּקָּדוֹן מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ; וְאִם קִבֵּל, יַחֲזִיר לָאִשָּׁה. וְאִם אָמְרָה: שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי הֵם, נֶאֱמֶנֶת (טוּר). הָלְכָה הָאִשָּׁה לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָא הַבַּעַל וְתָבַע מִן הַנִּפְקָד וְאוֹמֵר שֶׁאִשְׁתּוֹ גָּנְבָה מִמֶּנוֹ, לֹא יִתְּנֵם לוֹ עַד שֶׁתָּבוֹא הָאִשָּׁה אוֹ תָּמוּת, כֵּן נִרְאֶה לִי. וְאִם אָמְרָה בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתָהּ: שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי הֵם, אִם נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹ, יַעֲשֶׂה כִּדְבָרֶיהָ; וְאִם לָאו, יִתֵּן לְיּוֹרְשֶׁיהָ. וְכֵן אִם מֵתָה וְלֹא אָמְרָה כְּלוּם. (טוּר) וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר, שֶׁאִם הִיא נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי הֵם. הַגָּה: מִיהוּ, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא חַיָּה יַחֲזִיר לָאִשָּׁה (טוּר), מִיהוּ, אִם הֶחֱזִיר לַבַּעַל, פָּטוּר הַנִּפְקָד, אֲפִלּוּ אֵינָהּ נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת (מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק חֶזְקַת הַבָּתִּים):

1 One may not accept an object to be guarded from a married woman [for it may be her husbands]. If he does accept it, he should return it to the woman. Rema: If she says, "It is so-and-so's," she is believed (Tur). If a woman travels out of the country, and her husband comes and claims [the object] from the guarder of the object saying that his wife stole it from him, [the guarder] should not give it to him until the woman comes back or died, so it seems to me. And if she says at her moment of death, "It is so-and-so's", if she is believed about him, it should be done with as she asks. If not, it should be given to her inheritors. Rema: As well as if she dies without saying anything [about the object] (Tur). Some say that if she lifts it up and puts it in the house, she is no [longer] believed to say that it is so-and-so's. Rema: However, so long as she is alive, one should return it to the woman [if she gives it to someone, instead of her husband] (Tur). However, if he returned it to the husband, the guarder is exempt [from wrongdoing], even if she never lifted it up and put it in the house (Mordechai Perek Chezkat Habatim).

ב הַבַּעַל שֶׁלָּוָה מֵהָאִשָּׁה וְאַחַר כָּךְ גֵּרְשָׁהּ, אֵין לָהּ עָלָיו כְּלוּם. הַגָּה: וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן אִם לֹא גֵּרְשָׁהּ (דַּעַת עַצְמוֹ). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּוְקָא אִם הָיוּ הַמָּעוֹת טְמוּנִים כְּשֶׁלָּוָה מִמֶּנָּה, אֲבָל לֹא הָיוּ הַמָּעוֹת טְמוּנִים, וְלָוָה מִמֶּנָּה, צָרִיךְ לְשַׁלֵּם לָהּ אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר שֶׁגֵּרְשָׁהּ (טוּר). וְהוּא הַדִּין אִם תְּקָפָם מִיָּדָהּ, דְּמֵאַחַר שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ הַמָּעוֹת טְמוּנִים, נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹמַר: שֶׁלִּי אוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי הֵם (סְבָרַת הָרַב). מִיהוּ, אִם נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אוֹ שֶׁהַבַּעַל מַאֲמִינָהּ עַל שֶׁלּוֹ, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת (טוּר). וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן פ"ה סָעִיף י"ב. לָוָה מִמֶּנָּה בִּשְׁטָר, הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת: לֹא הָיוּ הַמָּעוֹת טְמוּנִים, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר: טְמוּנִים הָיוּ, עָלֶיהָ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָה אָז פָּטוּר לְשַׁלֵּם (נִמּוּקֵי יוֹסֵף פֶּרֶק חֶזְקַת הַבָּתִּים). וְעַיֵּן בְּחשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט סִימָן ס"ב, אִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁטָרוֹת יוֹצְאִין עַל שְׁמָהּ מַה דִּינָן. אִשָּׁה שֶׁמָּכְרָה אוֹ מִשְׁכְּנָה מִטַּלְטְלִין, אִם הַקּוֹנֶה אוֹ הַמַּלְוֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל בַּעַל, אֵין צָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר אֵלָיו, אֲפִלּוּ רוֹצֶה הַבַּעַל לְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ דָּמָיו וְטוֹעֵן שֶׁהִיא גְּנָבָן לוֹ (הַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פֶּרֶק כ"ב דְּאִשּׁוּת). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאִם הִיא נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת תּוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַבַּעַל נֶאֱמָן וְצָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ בְּלֹא דָּמִים (רַבֵּנוּ יְרוּחָם נָתִיב כ"ג). וְנִרְאֶה לִי, דַּוְקָא בְּשֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְמַשְׁכֵּן אוֹ לִמְכֹּר בְּלֹא רְשׁוּת בַּעֲלָהּ, אֲבָל אִם דַּרְכָּהּ בְּכָךְ, מַה שֶּׁעָשְׂתָה עָשׂוּי; וְכֵן נִרְאֶה לְהוֹרוֹת. וְעַיֵּן לְקַמָן סִימָן צ':

2 A husband who borrowed from his wife and then divorced her, she has no claim against him. Rema: This is certainly the case if he did not divorce her (Rama's own opinion). Some authorities say that this ruling applies only if the [borrowed] monies were hidden at the time of the loan, but if they were not hidden and he borrowed from her, he has to repay her even after divorcing her (Tur). The law is similar if he grabbed them (the monies) from her, for since the money was not hidden, she is believed when she says they belong to me or to so-and-so (Opinion of the Rav). However, if she buys and sells (i.e. runs a business) inside the house or the husband trusts her with his property, she is not believed [that the money is hers] (Tur). See supra chapter 85 se'if 12. If he borrowed with a loan document, she says the money was not hidden, and he says that the loan money had been hidden, she must bring proof that the money was not hidden, or he is exempt from paying (Nimukei Yosef chapter Chezkat haBatim in Bava Bathra). See Choshen Mishpat chapter 62, regarding a woman who had [loan or realty] documents in her name, what is their law. A woman who sold [movables] or handed over movables as collateral, if the buyer or the lender does not know that they belong to the husband he does not need to return [the items] to him (the husband), even if the husband wants to return the [purchase or loan] money and claims that she stole the items from him (Hagahot Maimoni chapter 22 Hilchot Ishut). Some authorities say that if she buys and sells within the house the husband is believed and the [buyer or lender] must return the items to the husband even without repayment (Rabbenu Yerucham, path 23). It seems to me that this applies only to circumstances in which it is not typical for her to collateralize or sell without the permission of her husband, but if this is typical for her, what is done is done, and so it should be taught. See infra chapter 100.ame, what is their law. A woman who sold [movables] or handed over movables as collateral, if the buyer or the lender does not know that they belong to the husband he does not need to return [the items] to him (the husband), even if the husband wants to return the [purchase or loan] money and claims that she stole the items from him (Hagahot Maimoni chapter 22 Hilchot Ishut). Some authorities say that if she buys and sells within the house the husband is believed and the [buyer or lender] must return the items to the husband even without repayment (Rabbenu Yerucham, path 23). It seems to me that this applies only to circumstances in which it is not typical for her to collateralize or sell without the permission of her husband, but if this is typical for her, what is done is done, and so it should be taught. See infra chapter 100.

Previous Chapter Next Chapter