א כְּתִיב, בַּסֻּכֹּת תֵּשְׁבוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, פֵּרוּשׁ, תָּדוּרוּ בַּסֻּכּוֹת. אָמְרָה תוֹרָה, שֶׁיָדּוּר בַּסֻּכָּה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים. כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא דָר בְּבֵיתוֹ כָּל הַשָּׁנָה, כֵּן תְּהֵא עַתָּה עִקַּר דִּירָתוֹ בַּסֻּכָּה, שֶׁיַכְנִיס לְתוֹכָהּ כֵּלָיו הַנָּאִים וּמַצָּעוֹת הַנָּאוֹת, וְאוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה וְלוֹמֵד וּמְטַיֵל וְיָשֵׁן בַּסֻּכָּה. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם מְסַפֵּר עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, יְסַפֵּר בַּסֻּכָּה. וְכֵן אִם מִתְפַּלֵּל בִּיחִידוּת, יִתְפַּלֵּל בְּתוֹךְ הַסֻּכָּה. כְּתִיב, לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דֹרֹתֵיכֶם כִּי בַסֻּכּוֹת הוֹשַׁבְתִּי אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּהוֹצִיאִי אוֹתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם, וְלָכֵן צְרִיכִין לְכַוֵּן בִּישִׁיבַת הַסֻּכָּה, שֶצִּוָּנוּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֵישֵׁב בַּסֻכָּה זֵכֶר לִיצִיאַת מִצְרָיִם. וְסֻכּוֹת אֵלוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב כִּי בַסֻּכּוֹת הוֹשַׁבְתִּי, נֶחְלְקוּ בָּהֶם תַּנָּאִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הֵמָּה עַנְנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁהִקִּיף בָּהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת אֲבוֹתֵינוּ, לְבַל יַכֵּם שָׁרָב וָשָׁמֶשׁ. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, סֻכּוֹת מַמָּשׁ, שֶׁעָשׂוּ לָהֶם בִּשְׁעַת חֲנִיָתָן מִפְּנֵי הַחַמָּה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָצָאנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם בְּחֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן, לֹא צִוָּנוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת הַסֻּכָּה בְּאוֹתוֹ הַזְּמָן, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא הַתְחָלַת יְמוֹת הַקַּיִץ, וְדֶרֶךְ כָּל אָדָם לַעֲשׂוֹת אָז סֻכָּה לְצֵל, וְלֹא הָיְתָה נִכֶּרֶת שֶׁהִיא בְּמִצְוַת הַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ. לָכֵן צִוָּה אוֹתָנוּ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי, שֶׁהוּא זְמַן הַגְשָׁמִים, וְדֶרֶךְ כָּל אָדָם לָצֵאת מִסֻּכָּתוֹ וְלֵישֵׁב בְּבֵיתוֹ. וַאֲנַחְנוּ יוֹצְאִין מִן הַבַּיִת לֵישֵׁב בַּסֻּכָּה, בָּזֶה יֵרָאֶה לַכֹּל, כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא עָלֵינוּ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ.
1 It is written "For seven days teishvu in sukkos," (Leviticus 23:42), which means "you must dwell" in sukkos. The Torah teaches that you should make the sukkah your home for seven days. Just as you live in your home all year, so now [on Sukkos ] the sukkah should be your principal residence. There you should bring your fine china and elegant tablecloths. You should eat, drink, study, spend your leisure, and sleep in the sukkah. Even conversation with friends should be held in the sukkah, and if you pray alone you should also pray in the sukkah. It is written, "This is so that future generations will know that I caused the Israelites to live in sukkos when I brought them out of Egypt," (Leviticus 23:43). Therefore, you should keep in mind when you live in the sukkah, that the Holy One, blessed is He, commanded us to live in the sukkah as a memorial of the Exodus from Egypt. Regarding the sukkos of which the verse says "That I caused [the Israelites] to live in sukkos, there is disagreement among Taanaim. Rabbi Eliezer says that it refers to the Clouds of Glory with which the Holy One, blessed is He, surrounded our forefathers, to shield them from the heat and the sun. Rabbi Akiva, says that it means actual sukkos that they built for themselves when they camped [in the desert] as a protection from the sun. Although we departed from Egypt in the month of Nisan, He did not command us to build the sukkah during that season, because it is the beginning of the summer, when people usually build booths for the shade, and it would not be recognized as being built in order to fulfill the mitzvah of the Creator, blessed is His Name. He, therefore, commanded us to make it in the seventh month, which is the rainy season, when people usually move out of their booths to live in their homes; but we move out of our houses to live in the sukkah; which makes it clear to all that we are fulfilling the King's command.