Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 114

Siman 114

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א מַתְחִילִין לוֹמַר בִּבְרָכָה שְׁנִיָּה: מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ וּמוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם, בִּתְפִלַּת מוּסָף שֶׁל יוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁל חַג, וְאֵין פּוֹסְקִין עַד תְּפִלַּת מוּסָף שֶׁל יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח.

1 The Laws of the Mentioning of the Wind and Rain and Dew. Containing 9 S'ifim We start to say "Who makes the wind blow and rain fall" in the second blessing in the Musaf prayer [i.e. Amidah] of the latter Yom Tov of "Chag" [the Sukkot-Shemini Atzeret holiday] (i.e. Shemini Atzeret), and we do not stop [saying it] until the Musaf prayer [i.e. Amidah] of the first Yom Tov of Pesach.

ב אָסוּר לְהַזְכִּיר הַגֶּשֶׁם עַד שֶׁיַּכְרִיז שְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁקֹּדֶם שֶׁמַּתְחִילִין מוּסָף מַכְרִיז הַשַּׁמָּשׁ מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ וְכו', כְּדֵי שֶׁהַצִּבּוּר יַזְכִּירוּ בִּתְפִלָּתָן, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין, (מָרְדְּכַי רפ"ק דְּתַעֲנִית). הִלְכָּךְ אַף אִם הוּא חוֹלֶה אוֹ אָנוּס, לֹא יַקְדִּים תְּפִלָּתוֹ לִתְפִלַּת הַצִּבּוּר, לְפִי שֶׁאָסוּר לְהַזְכִּיר עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר; אֲבָל אִם יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהִכְרִיז שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לֹא שָׁמַע, מַזְכִּיר; וּמִטַּעַם זֶה, הַבָּא לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהַצִּבּוּר הִתְחִילוּ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, יִתְפַּלֵּל וְיַזְכִּיר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לֹא שָׁמַע מִשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר.

2 It is forbidden to mention rain until the prayer leader proclaims [it]. (And some say that before they start the Musaf prayer, the attendant proclaims "Who makes the wind blow, etc.", so that the congregation should remember [to say it] in their prayer, and that is how we practice (Mordechai on the beginning of the first chapter of [Tractate] Taanit)) Therefore, even if one is sick or has an extenuating circumstance [that prevents him from praying in the synagogue], one should not advance one's [Amidah] prayer [so it is before] the congregation's [Amidah] prayer since it is forbidden to mention [rain] until the prayer leader says [it]. But if one knows that the prayer leader proclaims it, even though one [oneself] did not hear it, one may mention it. And for this reason, the one came [late] to synagogue and the congregation had [already] started to pray [the Musaf Amidah], one should pray and mention [rain], even though one did not hear [the announcement] from the prayer leader.

ג אִם אָמַר מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אוֹ לֹא אֲמָרוֹ בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, אֵין מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ; וְכֵן בַּטַּל, אִם הִזְכִּירוֹ בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, אוֹ לֹא הִזְכִּירוֹ בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֵין מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ. הַגָּה: וְאָנוּ בְּנֵי אַשְׁכְּנַז לֹא מַזְכִּירִין טַל, לֹא בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְלֹא בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, רַק אוֹמְרִים בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה וְרַב לְהוֹשִׁיעַ מְכַלְכֵּל חַיִּים וְכו'. (טוּר) יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר פּוֹסֵק לְהַזְכִּיר בִּתְפִלַּת מוּסָף יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, אֲבָל הַקָּהָל מַזְכִּירִין וְאֵינָן פּוֹסְקִין עַד מִנְחָה, שֶׁשָּׁמְעוּ כְּבַר מִשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר שֶׁפָּסַק בִּתְפִלַּת הַמּוּסָף, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין.

3 If one said, "Who makes the wind blow" (in the hot season) or if one did not say it in the rainy season, we make [that person] go back [and do it correctly]. And similarly regarding [saying] "dew", if one mentioned it in the rainy season or if one did not mention it in the hot season, we do not go back. Rema: And we Ashkenazim do not mention "dew", not in the hot season and not in the rainy season; rather, in the hot season we just say "the Powerful One to deliver us. Sustainer of the living, etc..." [i.e. we do not mention dew in between those] (Tur). There are those who say that the prayer leader stops mentioning [rain] in the Musaf prayer on the first day of Yom Tov of Pesach, but the congregation does mention it [in Musaf]; and they do not stop until Mincha, for by then they already heard the prayer leader stop mentioning it in [the repetition of] the Musaf prayer. And that is how we practice.

ד אִם אָמַר מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ וְחוֹזֵר לְרֹאשׁ הַבְּרָכָה; וְאִם סִיֵּם הַבְּרָכָה, חוֹזֵר לְרֹאשׁ הַתְּפִלָּה. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁצְּרִיכִים גֶּשֶׁם בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אִם הִזְכִּיר גֶּשֶׁם בִּמְקוֹם טַל, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ. וְכֵן אִם הִזְכִּיר גֶּשֶׁם וְטַל נָמֵי מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הָרַמְבָּ"ם וְהָרֹא"שׁ וְהַטּוּר).

4 If one said "Who makes rain fall" in the hot season, we make [that person] go back; and one goes back to the beginning of the blessing [i.e. "Ata Gibor" - the second blessing of the Amidah]. And if one concluded the blessing, one goes back to the beginning of the [Amidah] prayer. And even if one is in a place where rain is needed in the hot season, if one mentioned rain instead of dew, we make [that person] go back. (And similarly, if one mentioned rain and dew, one must go back) (Beit Yosef in the name of the Rambam, the Rosh, and the Tur)

ה בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, אִם לֹא אָמַר מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ; וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר טַל, אֲבָל אִם הִזְכִּיר טַל, אֵין מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ.

5 In the rainy season, if one did not say "Who makes rain fall", we make [that person] go back. And this applies if one did not mention "dew" [as well], but if one mentioned "dew" then we do not make [that person] go back.

ו בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים שֶׁמַּחֲזִירִין אוֹתוֹ כְּשֶׁלֹּא אָמַר בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם, הַיְנוּ כְּשֶׁסִיֵּם כָּל הַבְּרָכָה וְהִתְחִיל בְּרָכָה שֶׁאַחֲרֶיהָ, וְאָז חוֹזֵר לְרֹאשׁ הַתְּפִלָּה; אֲבָל אִם נִזְכַּר קֹדֶם שֶׁסִיֵּם הַבְּרָכָה, יֹאמַר בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכַּר; וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם סִיֵּם הַבְּרָכָה, וְנִזְכַּר קֹדֶם שֶׁהִתְחִיל אַתָּה קָדוֹשׁ, אֵין צָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר, אֶלָּא אוֹמֵר: מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ וּמוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם, בְּלֹא חֲתִימָה. הַגָּה: שְׁלֹשָׁה בְּרָכוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת חֲשׁוּבוֹת כְּאַחַת, וּבְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁטָּעָה בָּהֶם, חוֹזֵר לְרֹאשׁ, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא יָחִיד בֵּין שֶׁהוּא צִבּוּר (טוּר).

6 In what circumstances are we referring to [when we say] that "we make [that person] go back" when [that person] did not say "Who makes rain fall" in the rainy season? It is in the case when one concluded the entire blessing [i.e. the blessing of "Mechayei haMeitim" - "Who revives the dead"] and began the next blessing, then one must go back to the beginning of the [Amidah] prayer. But if it was remembered before one concluded the blessing, one may say it at the point where it was remembered. And even if one did conclude the blessing but it was remembered before one began [the blessing of] "Ata Kadosh" [i.e. the beginning of the next blessing], one does need to go back, rather one should say "He makes the wind blow and the rain fall" [right there], without [using] a closing formula [again]. Rema: The first three blessings [of the Amidah] are considered as one [long blessing], and any place where one erred within them, one must return to the beginning [of the Amidah], whether one is by oneself or one is with the congregation (Tur).

ז בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁאָנוּ אוֹמְרִים חוֹזֵר לַבְּרָכָה שֶׁטָּעָה בָּהּ, הָנֵי מִלֵּי שֶׁטָּעָה בְּשׁוֹגֵג, אֲבָל בְּמֵזִיד וּמִתְכַּוֵּן, חוֹזֵר לְרֹאשׁ.

7 Any time we say that one must go back to the blessing in which one erred, that is the case when one erred inadvertently, but if was on purpose and with intent, then one must go back to the beginning [of the Amidah].

ח בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אִם נִסְתַּפֵּק אִם הִזְכִּיר מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם אִם לֹא, עַד ל' יוֹם בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהִזְכִּיר הַגֶּשֶׁם, וְצָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר. הַגָּה: וְהוּא הַדִּין לְדִידָן דְּאֵין מַזְכִּירִין טַל בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אִם נִסְתַּפֵּק לוֹ אִם אָמַר מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, כָּל ל' יוֹם, חוֹזֵר, דְּוַדַּאי אָמַר כְּמוֹ שֶׁרָגִיל וַהֲרֵי לֹא הִזְכִּיר לֹא טַל וְלֹא גֶּשֶׁם; לְאַחַר ל' יוֹם אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר (דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ).

8 During the hot season, if one is in doubt whether one [mistakenly] mentioned "Who makes rain fall" or not: up until 30 days [after the first day of Pesach], [there is] a presumption that one mentioned the rain, and one needs to go back. Rema: And this applies for us who do not mention "dew" in the hot season. If one is in doubt whether one said "Who makes rain fall" in the rainy season: all of the 30 days [after Shemini Atzeret], one goes back, since it is certain that one said what one was used to [saying], and indeed, one did not mention [anything], not "dew" and not "rain". [But] after 30 days one does not go back. (his own opinion)

ט אִם בְּיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח אוֹמֵר בִּרְכַּת אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר עַד מוֹרִיד הַטַּל צ' פְּעָמִים, כְּנֶגֶד ל' יוֹם שֶׁאוֹמֵר אוֹתוֹ ג' פְּעָמִים בְּכָל יוֹם, מִשָּׁם וָאֵילָךְ אִם אֵינוֹ זוֹכֵר אִם הִזְכִּיר גֶּשֶׁם הֲרֵי הוּא בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר גֶּשֶׁם, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר. הַגָּה: וְכֵן לְדִידָן, אִם אָמַר עַד מְכַלְכֵּל חַיִּים בְּלֹא מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ וּמוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם שֶׁמַּזְכִּירִין בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְכֵן אִם אָמַר בִּשְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת צ' פְּעָמִים אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר עַד מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם, אִם נִסְתַּפֵּק אַחַר כָּךְ אִם הִזְכִּיר אוֹ לֹא, חֲזָקָה שֶׁהִזְכִּירוֹ (דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ).

9 If, on the first day of Pesach, one says [the words from] the blessing of "Ata Gibor" ["You are mighty"] up through [and including] "Morid Ha'tal" ["Who causes dew to descend"] 90 times corresponding to the 30 days where one would say it 3 times on each day. From that point onward, if one doesn't remember if one mentioned rain, there is a presumption that one did not mention rain and one does not need to go back. Rema: And similarly for us, if one said [90 times from Ata Gibor] up through [and including the words] "Mechalkel chaim" ["Sustainer of the living"] without [saying] "Mashiv ha'ruach u'morid ha'geshem" ("He makes the wind blow and rain fall") which we say in the rainy season, or if on Sh'mini Atzeret one said, 90 times, "Ata Gibor" up through [and including] "Morid hageshem" - if one doubts afterwards if one mentioned it or not, the presumption is that one did mention it (his own opinion)

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