Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 361

Siman 361

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א גַּג הַסָמוּךְ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בְּתוֹךְ י' טְפָחִים וּלְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה לֶחָצֵר, הוֹאִיל וְרַבִּים מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁים בּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה כִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְאָסוּר לְבַעַל הַגַּג לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ מֵחֲצֵרוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה לוֹ סֻלָּם קָבוּעַ מֵחֲצֵרוֹ. אֵיזֶהוּ סֻלָּם קָבוּעַ, כָּל שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ שָׁם בֵּין לְחֹל בֵּין לְשַׁבָּת.
1 The law of a roof adjacent to a public domain. 2 sections: A roof adjacent to a public domain — within ten handbreadths and above ten handbreadths relative to a courtyard — since the public makes use of it, it is treated like a public domain, and the owner of the roof is forbidden to make use of it from his courtyard unless he makes a fixed ladder from his courtyard. What is a fixed ladder? Any ladder that is fixed there both for weekdays and for Shabbat.
ב חָצֵר שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה בְּמִלּוּאָהּ, אוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר מִי', לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, מְקוֹם הַמְּחִצָּה נִדּוֹן כְּצִדֵּי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁהוּא כַּרְמְלִית (כְּמוֹ) שֶׁהוּא הֶחָצֵר. וְאִם נִפְרַץ בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית, אֲפִלּוּ בְּפָחוֹת מִי' אָסוּר. וְכֵן בַּיִת שֶׁנִּפְרַץ בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית, אֲפִלּוּ בְּפָחוֹת מִי', וְנִפְרַץ גַּם הַקֵּרוּי עַד שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, אָסוּר. אֲבָל פִּרְצָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית, אַמְרִינָן בָּהּ: פִּי תִּקְרָה יוֹרֵד וְסוֹתֵם אֲפִלּוּ בְּיוֹתֵר מִי', וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא פִּי תִּקְרָה מְשֻׁפָּע דְּלֵיכָּא פֶּה. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּבָעֵינָן גַּם כֵּן בְּרֹחַב הַקֵּרוּי אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים (תוס' וְהָרֹא"שׁ פֶּרֶק כֵּיצַד מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין וּסְמַ"ג וְטוּר). וְאַמְרִינָן פִּי תִּקְרָה יוֹרֵד וְסוֹתֵם אֲפִלּוּ בְּב' מְחִצּוֹת, אִם יֵשׁ כָּאן ב' מְחִצּוֹת שְׁלֵמוֹת דְּבוּקוֹת זוֹ בְּזוֹ; אֲבָל זוֹ כְּנֶגֶד זוֹ לֹא (טוּר).
2 A courtyard that was breached along its entire width or more than ten handbreadths into a public domain — the place of the former wall is treated like the sides of a public domain, which has the status of a karmelit, as does the courtyard itself. If it was breached at a corner, even less than ten handbreadths is forbidden. Similarly a house that was breached at a corner even less than ten handbreadths, and the roof was also breached until only a diagonal strip remains, is forbidden. But a breach that is not at a corner — we apply the principle that the edge of the roof descends and seals, even if the breach is more than ten handbreadths, provided the edge of the roof is not slanted, since then there is no effective edge. Rema: Some say we also require the roof to be four handbreadths wide. (Tosafot and Rosh, ch. Keitzad Mishtatfim, Semag, and Tur) We apply the principle that the edge of the roof descends and seals even with two walls, if there are two complete walls joined together — but two walls facing each other, no. (Tur)