Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 405

Siman 405

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א מִי שֶׁיָּצָא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם אֲפִלּוּ אַמָּה אַחַת, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לִהְיוֹת כִּבְנֵי הָעִיר וְאֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מֵעֲמִידַת רַגְלָיו וְלַחוּץ.

1 Laws of those who leave the Techum One who leaves the Shabbat barrier even a single amah (cubit), he should not enter to be like a member of the city, and he only has four amot from [where] he is standing and out.

ב הָיְתָה רַגְלוֹ אַחַת תּוֹךְ הַתְּחוּם וְרַגְלוֹ אַחַת חוּץ לַתְּחוּם, יִכָּנֵס.

2 If his leg is inside the barrier and one leg is outside the barrier, he should enter.

ג מִי שֶׁקָּדַשׁ עָלָיו הַיּוֹם וְהוּא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם הָעִיר אֲפִלּוּ אַמָּה אַחַת, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לִהְיוֹת כִּבְנֵי הָעִיר וְאֵינוֹ מְהַלֵּךְ אֶלָּא אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁקָּדַשׁ עָלָיו הַיּוֹם.

3 One, when Shabbat begins, is outside the barrier of the city, even a single amah, he should not enter to be like a member of the city, and he should only walk two thousand amot in each direction from the place he was in when Shabbat began.

ד מִי שֶׁיָּצָא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם שֶׁלֹּא לָדַעַת, מֻתָּר לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ מְחִצָּה שֶׁל בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁעֵרְבוּ לְאוֹתוֹ רוּחַ וִיכוֹלִים לֵילֵךְ שָׁם וְיַעֲשׂוּ סְבִיבָיו כְּמוֹ מְחִצָּה וְיִכָּנֵס בֵּינֵיהֶם; וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יָדְעוּ אוֹתָם שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית בָּהֶם הַמְּחִצָּה שֶׁלְּשֵׁם כָּךְ נִקְרְאוּ, אֲבָל אִם יָצָא לָדַעַת, אָסוּר.

4 One who leaves the barrier without knowing, it is permitted to make a divider for himself of what people made an eruv with, in that direction and they are able to walk there. And they will make around him like a divider and he will enter between them. And the one who does not know the ones who made their dividers that are called like this, but if he left knowingly, it is prohibited.

ה מִי שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּהוּ חוּץ לַתְּחוּם עַכּוּ"ם, אוֹ רוּחַ רָעָה אוֹ שְׁאָר כָּל אֹנֶס, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁגַג וְיָצָא, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. הֶחְזִירוּהוּ לְתוֹךְ הַתְּחוּם, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא יָצָא וַהֲרֵי כָּל הָעִיר כְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת כְּבַתְּחִלָּה וְחוּצָה לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ; אֲבָל אִם חוֹזֵר לָדַעַת, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. הַגָּה: וְכֵן אִם נִכְנַס לַסְּפִינָה וְיָצְאָה הַסְּפִינָה חוּץ לַתְּחוּם וְחָזְרָה לַאֲחוֹרֵיהָ לַנָּמֵל שֶׁהִפְלִיגָה מִשָּׁם, הֲרֵי הוּא כְּאִלּוּ לֹא יָצָא דַּהֲוָה לֵיהּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּהוּ עַכּוּ"ם וְהֶחְזִירוּהוּ, (אוֹר זָרוּעַ).

5 The one that was taken out of the Shabbat barrier by non-Jews or a bad spirit or other unwilling [removals] or by accident, and he left, he only has four amot. They return him within the barrier, it is like he did not leave, and the whole city is like four amot like at first, and beyond that two thousand amot in every direction. But, if he returns knowingly, he only has four amot. Rema: And if he entered a boat and the boat went out of the barrier, and returned afterwards to the port that it departed from, it is like he did not leave, because it is considered like non-Jews took him out and returned him (Or Zarua).

ו נְתָנוּהוּ עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים חוּץ לַתְּחוּם בְּדִיר אוֹ בְּסַהַר וּמְעָרָה, אוֹ בְּעִיר אַחֶרֶת מֻקֶּפֶת חוֹמָה לַדִּירָה, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱנַס בִּשְׁאָר אֹנֶס, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁגַג וְיָצָא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם וְנִכְנַס לְאֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ וְנִזְכַּר וְהוּא בְּתוֹכוֹ, מְהַלֵּךְ אֶת כֻּלּוֹ; אֲבָל אִם יָצָא חוּץ לִתְחוּמוֹ לָדַעַת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא בְּתוֹךְ אֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת.

6 Non-Jews place him outside of the Shabbat barrier in an enclosure, in a prison, or in a cave, or in a different city surrounded by a wall as a dwelling, or he was forced the rest of the types of forced circumstances, or it was an accident and he went out of the barrier and entered into one of those, and then he remembered and he was inside, he can walk in all of it; but if he went out of the barrier knowingly, even though it was one of these, he only has four amot.

ז מִי שֶׁהִפְלִיגָה סְפִינָתוֹ בַּיָּם, מְהַלֵּךְ אֶת כֻּלָּהּ הוֹאִיל וְשָׁבַת בַּאֲוִיר מְחִצּוֹת; וְאִם נִפְחֲתוּ דָּפְנֵי סְפִינָה בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם הִיא מְהַלֶּכֶת, מְהַלֵּךְ אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, וְאִם הִיא עוֹמֶדֶת אֵינוֹ מְהַלֵּךְ בָּהּ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. הַגָּה: וְאִם בָּאֶמְצַע יֵשׁ לוֹ מְחִצּוֹת עֲשָׂרָה וּבְרֹאשׁוֹ אֵין לוֹ, אַזְלִינָן בָּתַר אֶמְצָעִי, וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵין לוֹ כְּלָל רַק יֵשׁ בּוֹ לַחֲקֹק עֲשָׂרָה, דְּאָמְרִינָן: חוֹקְקִין לְהַשְׁלִים, (אוֹר זָרוּעַ).

7 The one that departed on his boat in the sea, he can walk all of it since he stopped in the "air" of the dividers; and if the walls of the boat were opened on Shabbat, if it went, he can walk all of it, if it stands, he can only walk four amot. Rema: And if in the middle, he has ten walls and he does not have anything on his head, we go after the middle, and even if he does not have anything other than to draw a limit of ten, that we say, we limit to complete (Or Zarua).

ח יָצָא לָדַעַת וְהֶחְזִירוּהוּ עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת; וּמִיהוּ אִם הֶחְזִירוּהוּ לְעִירוֹ הַמֻּקָּפוֹת מְחִצּוֹת לְדִּירָה, (הָרֹא"שׁ פ' מִי שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּהוּ וְרַבִּי יְרוּחָם חי"ח וְאוֹר זָרוּעַ), כֻּלָּהּ כְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת; וַאֲפִלּוּ יָצָא לָדַעַת וְחָזַר לָדַעַת. וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל דִּין סְתָם עֲיָרוֹת סי' ת"א.

8 He if went out knowingly and returned by way of non-Jews, he only has four amot; however, if he went out of the city walled for dwelling (The Rosh chapter One who went out and Rabbi Yerucham HY''H and Or Zarua) all of it is like four amot; and even if he went out knowingly and returned knowingly. Look later of the laws of cities Siman 401.

ט פֵּרוֹת שֶׁהוֹצִיא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם וְהֶחֱזִירָם, אֲפִלּוּ בְּמֵזִיד, לֹא הִפְסִידוּ מְקוֹמָם שֶׁכָּל הָעִיר לָהֶם כְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְחוּצָה לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ כְּבַתְּחִלָּה אִם הוּא יוֹם טוֹב; וְאִם הוּא שַׁבָּת, מֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה בִּמְקוֹמָם, וַאֲפִלּוּ לְאוֹתוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִחְזִירָם לְצָרְכּוֹ בְּמֵזִיד, מ "ט, אֲנוּסִים הֵם. וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא הֻחְזְרוּ וְהֵם חוּץ לִמְקוֹמָם, אִם הוֹצִיאָן בְּשׁוֹגֵג מֻתָּרִים לְאָכְלָם וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָם חוּץ לְד' אַמּוֹת, וְאִם הוֹצִיאָם בְּמֵזִיד אָסוּר לְאָכְלָם אֲפִלּוּ מִי שֶׁלֹּא הוֹצִיאָם. וְיֵשׁ מַתִּירִים לְמִי שֶׁלֹּא הוֹצִיאֵם.

9 Fruit that was taken out of the Shabbat barrier and returned, they do not lose their place as the whole city is for them like four amot and two thousand amot further in every direction like from the outset if it is a Yom Tov; And if it is Shabbat, it is permitted regarding eating in their place, and even for the same Jew that returned them for his need intentionally, 49, they are forced circumstances. And the whole time that they are not returned and they are outside their place, if he took them out accidentally, it is permitted to eat them, but it is prohibited to move them out to eat them for four amot, and if he took them out intentionally it is prohibited to eat them even one who did not take them out. And there are those who permit for the one who did not take them out.

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