Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 436

Siman 436

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א הַמְפָרֵשׁ מִיַּבָּשָׁה לַיָּם אוֹ יוֹצֵא בְּשַׁיָּרָא, וְאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ בְּבֵיתוֹ מִי שֶׁיִּבְדֹּק תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, זָקוּק לִבְדֹּק. וְלֹא יְבָרֵךְ אָז עַל בִּעוּר חָמֵץ (כָּל בּוֹ). קֹדֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק. וּכְשֶׁמַּגִּיעַ פֶּסַח יְבַטְּלֶנּוּ, (טוּר). וְאִם דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח, צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֵצֵא, דְּחַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא יַחֲזֹר עֶרֶב פֶּסַח בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ פְּנַאי לְבַעֵר. וְכֵן הָעוֹשֶׂה בֵּיתוֹ אוֹצָר תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, זָקוּק לִבְדֹּק וְאַחַר כָּךְ כּוֹנֵס אוֹצָרוֹ לְתוֹכוֹ. קֹדֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק וְאַחַר כָּךְ עוֹשֶׂהוּ אוֹצָר; וְאִם אֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק. הַגָּה: וְאוֹצַר חִטִּים שֶׁיֵּשׁ חִטִּים מְחֻמָּצִים בְּקַרְקָעִית הַבּוֹר, אִם נַעֲשָׂה הָאוֹצָר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח אֵינוֹ זָקוּק לְבַעֵר אֶלָּא מְבַטְּלוֹ בְּלִבּוֹ וְדַיּוֹ. וּמִיהוּ לְאַחַר פֶּסַח כְּשֶׁמְּפַנֶּה הָאוֹצָר, אָסוּר לֵיהָנוֹת מֵאוֹתָן חִטִּים; וְאִם אֵין שָׁם חָמֵץ יָדוּעַ אֶלָּא סָפֵק, מֻתָּר לִמְכֹּר הָאוֹצָר כֵּן בְּיַחַד. (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן ע').

1 The Laws Applying to One Who Sets out on a Sea Voyage or Journeys by Caravan. Containg 3 paragraphs: If one sets out on a journey from land to the sea, or in a caravan, and he did not leave anyone at home that could check for him within 30 days, he must check [and he does not make the blessing "al biur chametz"] (Kol Bo). Before 30 days, he does not need to check and when Pesacdh arrives it is nullified. (Tur). If one intends to return before Passover, he must check for Chametz, and afterward he may go out, due to concerns lest he might return on the eve of Passover between twilight periods and will not have time to burn [the leavened bread]. Similarly, one who makes his home a storage place within thirty days is in need of checking, and afterward he may store within it. Before thirty days, if one intends to clear it out before Passover, he must check for chametz, and afterward he may clear it out. But if he does not intend to clear it out before Passover, he does not need to check for chametz. Rema: And a wheat storehouse that has leavened wheat at the bottom of the pit: if the storehouse is made thirty days before Passover, there is no need to burn it (the chametz); rather, one may nullify it in his heart, which is sufficient. However, after Passover, when clearing out the storehouse, it is prohibited to derive benefit from those wheat grains. And if there is no known leavened bread there, only doubt, it is permitted to sell what was stored so it is concluded together. (Responsa of Rashba, Section 70)

ב וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּקֹדֶם ל' יוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק הַיְנוּ כְּשֶׁאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר בְּתוֹךְ הַפֶּסַח, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח אוֹ אַחֲרָיו, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא קֹדֶם ל' יוֹם וּכְשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ פֶּסַח יְבַטְּלֶנּוּ, אֲבָל אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר בְּתוֹךְ הַפֶּסַח צָרִיךְ לִבְדֹּק אֲפִלּוּ מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. וְאִם שָׁכַח וְלֹא בָּדַק, יְבַטֵּל כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ הַפֶּסַח וְלֹא יְבָרֵךְ עַל הַבִּטּוּל. הַגָּה: גַּם אִשְׁתּוֹ תִּבְדֹּק וּתְבַטֵּל בְּבֵיתוֹ, דִּילְמָא יִשְׁכַּח לְבַטֵּל בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא (כָּל בּוֹ).

2 Some say that before thirty days, when there is no need to inspect, that is when he does not intend to return during Passover, even if his intention is to return before or after Passover, he does not need to inspect, since it is before thirty days, and when Passover arrives, he should nullify it. But if his intention is to return during Passover, he must inspect, even from Rosh Hashanah. And if he forgets and does not inspect, he should nullify it when Passover arrives and should not recite a blessing upon nullification. (Also, his wife should inspect and nullify in their house, lest he forget to nullify in the place where he is). (Kol Bo)

ג יִשְׂרָאֵל הַיּוֹצֵא מִבֵּית עַכּוּ"ם תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וְנִכְנַס בְּבַיִת אַחֵר בְּעִיר זוֹ, אוֹ הוֹלֵךְ לְעִיר אַחֶרֶת, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבַעֵר בֵּית הָאֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי שֶׁהֲרֵי יְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת בִּעוּר בְּאוֹתוֹ בַּיִת אַחֵר. אֲבָל אִם הוּא מְפָרֵשׁ אוֹ יוֹצֵא בְּשַׁיָּרָא וְלֹא יִכָּנֵס בְּפֶסַח בַּבַּיִת, יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁחָל עָלָיו חוֹבַת הַבִּעוּר כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא תּוֹךְ ל' יוֹם, וְצָרִיךְ לְבַעֵר בֵּית הָעַכּוּ"ם שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ כְּדֵי לְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת בִּעוּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָעַכּוּ"ם יִכָּנֵס לַבַּיִת בְּפֶסַח; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ כְּשֶׁנִּכְנָס בּוֹ הָעַכּוּ"ם (טוּר).

3 If an Israelite who leaves a Gentile's house within thirty days and enters another house in the same city or goes to another city, he does not need to burn it in the Gentile's house, for he fulfills the obligation of removal in the other house. However, if he sets out at sea or went in a caravan and does not enter a Jewish home for Passover, some say that the obligation of removal (and burning) applies to him since it is within thirty days, and he must burn at the Gentile's house he is leaving in order to fulfill the obligation of removal (even though the Gentile will enter the house during Passover, and some say he does not need to when a Gentile enters). (Tur)

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