Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 455

Siman 455

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אֵין לָשִׁין אֶלָּא בְּמַיִם שֶׁלָּנוּ, בֵּין שֶׁהֵם מֵי בּוֹרוֹת וּמַעְיָנוֹת, בֵּין שֶׁהֵם מֵי נְהָרוֹת, וְשׁוֹאֲבִין אוֹתָם מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם סָמוּךְ לְבֵין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, (דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"ה), אוֹ בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת. וְאֵין לָשִׁין בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר הַלַּיְלָה כֻּלָּהּ. וִיכוֹלִים לִשְׁאֹב יוֹם אֶחָד לְיָמִים הַרְבֵּה; וְאִם הַזְּמַן חַם יַנִּיחֵם בְּמַרְתֵּף שֶׁהוּא קַר. וְאִם הַזְּמַן קַר, יַנִּיחֵם בַּאֲוִיר כִּי הַמַּרְתֵּף הוּא חַם. וְצָרִיךְ לְהַשְׁכִּים וּלְהַכְנִיסָם לַבַּיִת קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּיוֹם הַמְּעֻנָּן. הַגָּה: וְאִם לֹא הִכְנִיסָם בַּהַשְׁכָּמָה, אִם לֹא עָמְדוּ כָּל כָּךְ עַד שֶׁהֻחַמּוּ, אֵינוֹ מַזִּיק. וְיוֹתֵר טוֹב לְהַעֲמִידָם תַּחַת הַתִּקְרָה, שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁכַּח לְהַכְנִיסָם בַּהַשְׁכָּמָה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם א"ח). וּכְשֶׁמּוֹלִיךְ הַמַּיִם תַּחַת אֲוִיר הָרָקִיעַ, יֵשׁ לְכַסּוֹתָן (ת"ה סִימָן קט"ו בְּשֵׁם סְמַ"ג וּסְמַ"ק וּמַהֲרִי"ק). כְּשֶׁחָל פֶּסַח בְּאֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת, יֵשׁ לִשְׁאֹב הַמַּיִם אוֹר י"ג, דְּהַיְנוּ בְּלֵיל ה' (מָרְדְּכַי ספ"ק דִּפְסָחִים). לְכַתְּחִלָּה יֵשׁ לִשְׁאֹב מִן הַנְּהָרוֹת וְלֹא מִן הַבְּאֵרוֹת (אֲשֵׁרִי וּמָרְדְּכַי); אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהַנְּהָרוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת מֵהַפְשָׁרַת שְׁלָגִים וּגְשָׁמִים טוֹב יוֹתֵר לִשְׁאֹב מִן הַבְּאֵרוֹת (מַהֲרִי"ו). וְאֵין לִשְׁפֹּךְ מַיִם שֶׁלָּנוּ מִכֹּחַ מֵת אוֹ תְּקוּפָה הַנּוֹפֶלֶת (מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק כָּל שָׁעָה וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"ה); וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם טוֹב לְכַתְּחִלָּה לְהָשִׂים בָּהֶם בַּרְזֶל. גַּם אָסוּר לִשְׁאֹב מַיִם עַל יְדֵי אֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי לְמַצּוֹת שֶׁל מִצְוָה; וְאַף לִשְׁאָר מַצּוֹת, יִשְׁאַב יִשְׂרָאֵל (מָרְדְּכַי וּמַהֲרִ"י ברי"ן וּמַהֲרִי"ל), אִם אֶפְשָׁר. וְנוֹהֲגִין לִטֹּל מַיִם מְיֻחָדִים לְמַצָּה שֶׁל מִצְוָה. וְנוֹהֲגִין לִקַּח כְּלֵי חֶרֶס חֲדָשִׁים, וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת הַמִּנְהָג; אֲבָל בְּשֶׁל עֵץ, אֵין לְהַקְפִּיד (כָּל בּוֹ).

1 THE LAWS OF LEAVING WATER OVERNIGHT One may not knead except with water that was left overnight, whether they are waters of a pool or of a spring or whether they are waters of a river and they should be drawn while it is still day (close to the twilight period)(His own words and Haghot Maimoni perek 5) or during the twilight period. One should not knead with them until the entire night has passed. One is able to draw large quantities of water in a single day. If it is hot at the time [of drawing], they[the waters] should be placed in the wine cellar which is cooler and if it is cold at the time, they should be placed out in the open, for the wine cellar is warmer, and one must rise early and bring them into the house prior to the sun rising, even if it's a cloudy day. Rema: and [regarding] if they were not brought in early, if they didn't stand [outside] to the extent that they became warm, they are not tainted. Ideally, the water should be left standing under the ceiling in case one forgets to bring them in early (B"Y in the name of A"CH). When transporting the water under the open sky, one should cover it(T"H siman 115 in the name of SMA"G and SMA"K and MA"HA"RIK). When Pesach occurs on the first of the week, one should draw the waters on the outset of the 13th which is [solar] Thursday night (Mordechai end of the first perek of Pesachim). Initially, one should draw from the rivers and not from the wells (ASHR"Y and Mordechai). However, when the rivers are expanded from the thawing snow and rainfall, ideally one should draw from the wells (MAHA"RIV). One should not spill water left overnight because of a death or the falling of a period [tekoopha] (Mordechai perek "kol sha'ah" and Haghaot Maimony perek 5).Nevertheless, initially, its good to place iron in them [the water containers]. Also, it is forbidden for a gentile to draw the water for Mitzvah Matzos and even regarding other Matzot, a Jew should draw the water (Mordechai and MAHA"RI on RI"N and MAHA"RIL) if possible. It is customary to gather water specifically for the Matzah[s] of the Mitzvah and to take [the water in] new earthenware vessels and one should not deviate from the custom. Regarding a wooden vessel, one need not be strict (about all this)

ב יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁמַּיִם הַמְכֻנָּסִין בסיסטירנ"ה, מֻתָּר לָלוּשׁ בָּהֶם סָמוּךְ לִשְׁאִיבָתָן; וְאֵין לְהָקֵל בַּדָּבָר, אִם לֹא בִּשְׁעַת הַדַּחַק.

2 There are those who say regarding water which was brought into a "Soostirnah" that it is permitted to knead with them around the time they were drawn and one shouldn't be lenient regarding this if the situation does not require it.

ג אֵין לָלוּשׁ בְּמַיִם חַמִּין אֲפִלּוּ לֹא נִתְחַמְּמוּ אֶלָּא בַּחַמָּה, וְלֹא בְּמַיִם הַגְּרוּפִים מִדּוּד גָּדוֹל שֶׁנְּחָשְׁתּוֹ עָבָה, וְתָלוּי עַל מְקוֹם הָאֵשׁ וּמַיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ פּוֹשְׁרִים, אֲפִלּוּ כְּשֶׁאֵין הָאֵשׁ תַּחְתָּיו, וְאִם עָבַר וְלָשׁ בֵּין בְּאֵלּוּ בֵּין בְּמַיִם שֶׁלֹּא לָנוּ, אָסוּר. וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִין וּמַתִּירִין בְּלָשׁ בְּמַיִם שֶׁלֹּא לָנוּ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דִּבְשׁוֹגֵג מֻתָּר, וּבִשְׁעַת הַדַּחַק יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עֲלֵיהֶם. הַגָּה: וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא דַּחַק יֵשׁ לְהַתִּיר אִם עָבַר בְּשׁוֹגֵג וְלָשׁ בְּמַיִם שֶׁלֹּא לָנוּ (ר' יְרוּחָם וּבֵית יוֹסֵף).

3 One should not knead in hot water even if it was only warmed by the sun and not with water which was gathered from a large boil tank of thick copper which is suspended over a fire-place and the water within is thawed even if there is no fire underneath. If one transgressed [this] and kneaded [whether] with these waters, or waters which were not left overnight, it is forbidden. There are those who dispute this and permit kneading with water which was not left overnight and there are those who say that when used accidentally, it is permitted and where the situation requires it, one may rely on these [opinions]. Rema: and even in when not required, if one accidentally transgressed and kneaded with water which was not left overnight, one is permitted to use it.(Rabbe Yeruchem and B"Y)

ד מַיִם שֶׁלֹּא לָנוּ שֶׁנִּתְבַּטְּלוּ חַד בִּתְרֵי בְּמַיִם שֶׁלָּנוּ, לָשִׁין בָּהֶם.

4 [Regarding] water which was not left overnight that became dissolved, at a ratio of 1:2, in water which was left overnight, one may knead with these.

ה נוֹהֲגִין שֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן מֶלַח בַּמַּצָּה, וְנָכוֹן הַדָּבָר; וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּדִיעֲבַד יֵשׁ לֶאֱסֹר (מָרְדְּכַי וְדִבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ).

5 It is customary to not place salt in the Matzah and this is the proper thing and even subsequently one should forbid it (Mordechai and also his own words)

ו לָשׁ הַמַּצָּה בְּקָצַח וְשׂוּמְשֻׂמִין וּבְמִינֵי תַּבְלִין, כְּשֵׁרָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ טַעַם מַצָּה; וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אֵין לִתֵּן בָּהּ תַּבְלִין, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא חַד וּמְחַמֵּם הָעִסָה. הַגָּה: וּפִלְפְּלִין, אֲפִלּוּ בְּדִיעֲבַד אָסוּר; וְכֵן אִם נָפַל בָּהּ סִיד (מַהֲרִי"ב).

6 [Regarding] kneading with caraway, sesame and other types of seasonings, it's kosher [for the Mitzvah] since there is the taste of Matzah. Nevertheless, one shouldn't place in seasonings, as they are focused [spicy] and will heat the dough Rema: and if pepper [was added], even subsequently it is forbidden and similarly, if Lime Plaster fell in (MAHA"RIBv).

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