Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 475

Siman 475

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א יִטֹּל יָדָיו וִיבָרֵךְ עַל נְטִילַת יָדָיִם, וְיִקַּח הַמַּצּוֹת כַּסֵדֶר שֶׁהִנִּיחָם, הַפְּרוּסָה בֵּין שְׁתֵּי הַשְּׁלֵמוֹת, וְיֹאחֲזֵם בְּיָדוֹ וִיבָרֵךְ הַמּוֹצִיא וְעַל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִבְצַע מֵהַשְּׁלֵמָה הַעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמֵהַפְּרוּסָה, מִשְּׁתֵּיהֶן בְּיַחַד, וְיִטְבְּלֵם בְּמֶלַח. הַגָּה: וְאֵין הַמִּנְהָג לְטַבְּלָהּ בְּמֶלַח בְּלַיְלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, דְּפַת נָקִי אֵין צָרִיךְ מֶלַח. וְיֹאכְלֵם בַּהֲסַבָּה בְּיַחַד כַּזַּיִת מִכָּל אֶחָד, וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכֹל כִּשְׁנֵי זֵיתִים בְּיַחַד, יֹאכַל (שֶׁל) הַמּוֹצִיא תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ שֶׁל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִקַּח כַּזַּיִת מָרוֹר וִישַׁקְּעֶנּוּ כֻּלּוֹ בַּחֲרוֹסֶת, וְלֹא יַשְׁהֶנּוּ בְּתוֹכוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יְבַטֵּל טַעַם מְרִירוּתוֹ, וּמִטַּעַם זֶה צָרִיךְ לְנַעֵר הַחֲרֹסֶת מֵעָלָיו, וִיבָרֵךְ עַל אֲכִילַת מָרוֹר וְיֹאכְלֶנּוּ בְּלֹא הֲסַבָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטֵל מַצָּה שְׁלִישִׁית וּבוֹצֵעַ מִמֶּנָּה וְכוֹרְכָהּ עִם הַמָּרוֹר וְטוֹבְלָהּ בַּחֲרֹסֶת. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאֵין לְטָבְלוֹ, וְכֵן הוּא בַּמִּנְהָגִים וְכֵן רָאִיתִי נוֹהֲגִין. וְאוֹמֵר: זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ כְּהִלֵּל, וְאוֹכְלָן בְּיַחַד בַּהֲסַבָּה. וּמִשֶּׁבֵּרַךְ עַל אֲכִילַת מַצָּה לֹא יַסִיחַ בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֵעִנְיַן הַסְעֻדָּה עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל כְּרִיכָה זוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה בִּרְכַּת אֲכִילַת מַצָּה וּבִרְכַּת אֲכִילַת מָרוֹר גַּם לִכְרִיכָה זוֹ.
1 Continued laws of the Seder. Containing 7 sections: One should wash their hands and bless "Al netilat yadaim" and pick up the matzot in the order that they were placed down - the broken one between the two full ones - and grasp them in one's hand, and bless "Hamotzi" and "Al achilat matza" and afterward break up the upper, whole one and the broken one, both of them together, and dip them in salt. Rema: But the custom is not to dip it in salt on the first night, since refined-flour bread does not require salt and eat them while leaning, together, an olive-bulk of each. And if one cannot eat two olive-bulks at once, one should first eat the one from "Hamotzi" and afterward the one from "Achilat matza." And afterward, one should take an olive-bulk of marror and submerge it entirely in charoset, but not let it sit inside it, so that the flavor of its bitterness will not be cancelled out. And for this reason, one must shake the charoset off of it. And one should bless "Al achilat marror" and eat it without leaning. And afterward, one should pick up the third matza and break it up and sandwich it with marror and dip it in charoset Rema: And some say that one should not dip it, and this is aligned with customs, and I have seen it practiced] and says "Zecher lemikdash keHillel" and eats them together while leaning. And from when one blesses "Al achilat matza" one must not interrupt with anything unrelated to the meal until one eats this sandwich, in order to have the blessing of "Achilat matza" and the blessing of "Achilat marror" count for this sandwich too.
ב אִם אֵין לוֹ יְרָקוֹת לְטִבּוּל רִאשׁוֹן אֶלָּא מָרוֹר, יְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו בְּטִבּוּל רִאשׁוֹן: בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה וְעַל אֲכִילַת מָרוֹר, וּבַטִּבּוּל הַשֵּׁנִי יִטְבְּלֶנּוּ בַּחֲרֹסֶת וְיֹאכְלֶנּוּ בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה.
2 If one has no greens to dip at first (for karpas) except marror, one should bless at the first dipping "Borei peri haadama" and "Al achilat maror," and at the second dipping one should dip it in charoset and eat it without a blessing.
ג בָּלַע מַצָּה, יָצָא; אֲבָל אִם בָּלַע מָרוֹר, לֹא יָצָא דְּטַעַם מָרוֹר בָּעֵינָן וְלֵיכָּא. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם בָּלַע מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר כְּאֶחָד, יְדֵי מַצָּה יָצָא, יְדֵי מָרוֹר לֹא יָצָא. וְאִם כְּרָכָם בְּסִיב, וּבְלָעוֹ, אַף יְדֵי מַצָּה לֹא יָצָא לְפִי שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ אֲכִילָה בְּכָךְ.
3 One who swallowed matza (without chewing) has fulfilled their obligation. But if one swallowed marror, they have not fulfilled their obligation, since the flavor of marror is necessary, and it is lacking. And even if one swallowed matza and marror as one, they have fulfilled their obligation of matza but not their obligation of marror. And if one bundled them in fibers and swallowed it, they have not even fulfilled their obligation of matza, since this is not the normal way to eat.
ד אָכַל מַצָּה בְּלֹא כַּוָּנָה, כְּגוֹן שֶׁאֲנָסוּהוּ עַכּוּ"ם אוֹ לִסְטִים לֶאֱכֹל, יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַלַּיְלָה פֶּסַח וְשֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בַּאֲכִילַת מַצָּה; אֲבָל אִם הָיָה סָבוּר שֶׁהוּא חֹל, אוֹ שֶׁאֵין זוֹ מַצָּה, לֹא יָצָא.
4 One who ate matza unintentionally, for example, if non-Jews or thugs forced them to eat it, has fulfilled their obligation, since they were aware that the night was Passover and that they were obligated to eat matza. But if they believed that it was a regular day, or that this was not matza, they have not fulfilled their obligation.
ה אָכַל כַּזַּיִת מַצָּה וְהוּא נִכְפֶּה, בְּעֵת שְׁטוּתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְרַפֵּא, חַיָּב לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְרַפֵּא, לְפִי שֶׁאוֹתָהּ אֲכִילָה הָיְתָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה פָּטוּר מִכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת.
5 One who ate an olive-bulk of matza while they were overcome by a period of insanity and then later became healed is obligated to eat it after being healed, since that act of eating occurred at a time when they were exempt from all commandments.
ו אָכַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, וְחָזַר וְאָכַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, יָצָא, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁהֵה בֵּין אֲכִילָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ יוֹתֵר מִכְּדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס. וְע"ל סִימָן תרי"ב (ס"ג).
6 One who ate half an olive-bulk and later ate another half olive-bulk has fulfilled their obligation, as long as one does not pause between the two acts of eating longer than the time it takes to eat a loaf of bread. (And see below 612:3)
ז אֵין חִיּוּב אֲכִילַת מַצָּה אֶלָּא בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן בִּלְבַד. הַגָּה: וְנָהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ מַצּוֹת שֶׁל סֵדֶר מֵעִשָּׂרוֹן, זֵכֶר לְלַחֲמֵי תּוֹדָה, וְעוֹשִׂים בָּהֶם סִימָן לֵידַע אֵיזֶה רִאשׁוֹנָה אוֹ שְׁנִיָּה אוֹ שְׁלִישִׁית, וּמַנִּיחִים הָרִאשׁוֹנָה עֶלְיוֹנָה וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה בָּאֶמְצַע וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה לִכְרִיכָה, וְאִם שִׁנָּה לֹא עִכֵּב (טוּר בְּשֵׁם הָרֹא"שׁ). וְאוֹפִין אוֹתָם גַּם כֵּן כַּסֵּדֶר (כָּל בּוֹ וְאַבּוּדַרְהַם), וְאִם נִשְׁבְּרָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לוֹקְחִין אוֹתָהּ לַשְּׁנִיָּה, דִּבְלָאו הָכֵי פּוֹרְסִין אוֹתָהּ (אָגוּר). וְאַף בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן יוֹצֵא בְּכַזַּיִת. וְשִׁעוּר כַּזַּיִת עַיֵּן לְקַמָּן סִימָן תפ "ו.
7 The obligation to eat matza only applies on the first night. Rema: And the custom is to make the three Seder matzot out of an issaron of flour, as a commemoration of the Todah loaves, and they make a mark on them to indicate which is first, second, or third, and they place the first on top, the second in the middle, and the third at the bottom, for the sandwich. But if one deviated, they have not ruined it. (Tur citing Rosh) And they bake them in order as well (Kol Bo and Avudraham). And if one of them breaks, they choose that one to be the second one, because in any case it will be split. (Agur) And even on the first night, one fulfills their obligation with one olive-bulk. (And on the measure of an olive-bulk, see below 486)
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