Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 507

Siman 507

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אוֹפִין בפורנ"י, דְּהַיְנוּ תַּנּוּרִים שֶׁלָּנוּ הַגְּדוֹלִים וּפִיהֶם בְּצִדָּם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תְּהֵא חֲדָשָׁה, דְּחַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא תִּפְחַת וְיֻפְסַד הַלֶּחֶם וְיִמָּנַע מִשִּׂמְחַת יוֹם טוֹב; וּמְחַמִּין חַמִּין בְּאַנְטִיכֵי, פי' יוֹרָה גְּדוֹלָה.
1 Laws of baking on Yom Tov. Containing 7 pargraphs: One may bake in a forni which is our large ovens whose openings are on their side provided it is not new, for we are concerned that it might crack and the bread will be ruined and prevent the joy of Yom Tov. And one may heat water in an antiki [meaning: a large pot].
ב אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֵצִים שֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ מִן הַדֶּקֶל בְּיוֹם טוֹב אוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁלְּפָנָיו אָסוּר לְהַסִיקָן, אִם נָשְׁרוּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב בְּתוֹךְ הַתַּנּוּר, מַרְבֶּה עֲלֵיהֶם עֵצִים מוּכָנִים, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ עֲצֵי אִסּוּר נִכָּרִים (ר"ן פ"ק דְּבֵיצָה), וּמְבַטְּלָן; וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִגַּע בָּהֶם עַד שֶׁיִּתְבַּטְּלוּ בְּרֹב. אֲבָל אִם נָפְלוּ בַּתַּנּוּר בְּשַׁבָּת, אָסוּר לְהַסִיקָן בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי בִּטּוּל בְּרֹב.
2 Even though wood that fell from a palm tree on Yom Tov or on the Shabbat preceding it is forbidden to kindle, if the wood fell on Yom Tov into the oven, one may add prepared wood upon it [so that the forbidden wood should not be recognizable] (Ran, first chapter of Beitzah) and nullify it, provided that one does not touch it until it is nullified in the majority. But if the wood fell into the oven on Shabbat, it is forbidden to kindle it on the Yom Tov that follows, even through nullification in the majority.
ג אָסוּר לִקַּח עֵץ מִבֵּין הָעֵצִים לְחַתּוֹת בּוֹ הָאֵשׁ בַּתַּנּוּר, דְּהָוֵי לֵיהּ מְתַקֵּן מָנָא.
3 It is forbidden to take wood from among logs to stoke the fire in an oven, for this constitutes repairing a vessel.
ד תַּנּוּר שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ מִטִּיחַ הַטִּיט, אִם אֶפְשָׁר לֶאֱפוֹת וְלִצְלוֹת בּוֹ בְּלֹא גְּרִיפָה וְלֹא יִתְחָרֵךְ הַפַּת אוֹ הַצְּלִי, אָסוּר לְגָרְפוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְטַלְטְלוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ; אֲבָל מֻתָּר לְהַשְׁכִּיב הָאֵשׁ וְהָאֵפֶר שֶׁבּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה חָלָק וְלֹא יִגַּע בַּפַּת כְּלָל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאִם הָיָה נוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ לֹא הָיָה כְּדֵי לְחָרְכוֹ; אֲבָל אִם יֵשׁ בַּטִּיחַ שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ כְּדֵי לַחְרֹךְ הַפַּת אוֹ הַצְּלִי אִם הָיָה נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּלֹא גְּרִיפָה הָיָה אֶפְשָׁר לֶאֱפוֹת וְלִצְלוֹת בּוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיָה מִתְחָרֵךְ מֻתָּר לְגָרְפוֹ דְּחָשִׁיב טִלְטוּל לְצֹרֶךְ. וְדַוְקָא בַּתַּנּוּרִים שֶׁלָּהֶם שֶׁהָיוּ מְדַבְּקִים הַפַּת סְבִיבָם וְאֵין צְרִיכִים לְגָרְפָם אֶלָּא מֵהַטִּיחַ שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ, אֲבָל תַּנּוּרִים שֶׁלָּנוּ כֵּיוָן שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לֶאֱפוֹת בָּהֶם בְּלֹא גְּרִיפָה, מֻתָּר לְגָרְפוֹ מֵהָאֵפֶר וְהַגֶּחָלִים, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְכַבֶּה, אִי אֶפְשָׁר בְּלֹא כֵן, וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְהַבְעִיר לְצֹרֶךְ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ כָּךְ מֻתָּר לְכַבּוֹת לְצֹרֶךְ אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ, וַהֲרֵי זֶה כְּמַנִּיחַ בָּשָׂר עַל הַגֶּחָלִים, וְכֵן נָהֲגוּ.
4 It is forbidden to take wood from among logs to stoke the fire in an oven, for this constitutes repairing a vessel. If an oven has plaster-clay fall into it: if it is possible to bake and roast in it without sweeping and the bread or roast will not be scorched, it is forbidden to sweep it out because one is moving it unnecessarily. But it is permitted to flatten the fire and the ash in it so that it will be smooth and will not touch the bread at all, even though if it were touching it, it would not be enough to scorch it. However, if there is enough of the plaster that fell into it to scorch the bread or roast if it were touching them, even though without sweeping it would be possible to bake and roast in it, since it scorches, it is permitted to sweep it out, for this is considered moving for a purpose. This applies specifically to their ovens, where they would attach the bread around the sides and only needed to sweep out the plaster that fell into it. But our ovens, since it is impossible to bake in them without sweeping, it is permitted to sweep it from the ash and coals, and even though one extinguishes [fire in the process], it is impossible otherwise. And just as it is permitted to kindle for the purpose of food preparation, so too it is permitted to extinguish for the purpose of food preparation. This is like placing meat on coals, and such is the custom.
ה תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם חֲדָשִׁים, אֵין סָכִין אוֹתָם בְּשֶׁמֶן וְלֹא טָשִׁין אוֹתָן בְּמַטְלִית, אֲבָל מֻתָּר לְהַסִיקָן אֲפִלּוּ הֶסֵק רִאשׁוֹן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְפִיגֵם בְּצוֹנֵן כְּדֵי לְחָסְמָן. וְאִם הֻסְקוּ יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי וְהֻצְרְכוּ לַהֲפִיגָן בְּצוֹנֵן כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בָּהֶן, מֻתָּר. לְפִיכָךְ מֻתָּר לִשְׁרוֹת בְּמַיִם הַמְכַבֶּדֶת שֶׁמְּכַבְּדִין בָּהּ הַתַּנּוּר, אַף שֶׁמְּכַבָּה.
5 A new oven and new stoves may not be coated with oil nor wiped with a cloth, but it is permitted to heat them even for the first heating, provided that one does not cool them with cold water in order to seal them. And if they were heated too much and it became necessary to cool them with cold water in order to be able to bake in them, it is permitted. Therefore, it is permitted to soak the broom with which one sweeps the oven, even though this extinguishes [coals].
ו מֻתָּר לֶאֱפוֹת תַּנּוּר מָלֵא פַּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ אֶלָּא פַּת אַחַת. וְדַוְקָא בְּתַנּוּרֵיהֶם, שֶׁהָיוּ קְטַנִּים וְהָיוּ מְדַבְּקִים הַפַּת בְּדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶם וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא אֵין מָקוֹם לְחֻמּוֹ לְהִתְפַשֵּׁט וְהַפַּת נֶאֱפֶה יָפֶה, אֲבָל בַּתַּנּוּרִים שֶׁלָּנוּ אֵין לֶאֱפוֹת יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁצָּרִיךְ.
6 It is permitted to bake an oven full of bread even though one only needs one loaf—and this is specifically with their ovens, which were small and they would stick the bread to their walls, and because it is full there is no room for the heat to spread and the bread bakes well. But with our ovens, one should not bake more than what is needed.
ז מֻתָּר לִסְתֹּם פִּי הַתַּנּוּר בְּטִיט וְרֶפֶשׁ שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַנָּהָר, וְהוּא שֶׁרִכְּכוֹ מֵאֶמֶשׁ אוֹ עָשָׂה בּוֹ סִימָן וְנִתְּקוֹ לְצַד אֶחָד; אֲבָל לְגַבֵּל טִיט בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אָסוּר. וּמֻתָּר לְגַבֵּל אֵפֶר לִסְתֹּם בּוֹ פִּי הַתַּנּוּר.
7 It is permitted to seal the opening of the oven with clay and mud from the riverbank, provided that it was softened from the day before, or one makes a marking in it and detaches it to one side. But to knead clay on Yom Tov is forbidden. And it is permitted to knead ash to seal the opening of the oven.
Previous ChapterNext Chapter