Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 53

Siman 53

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אוֹמֵר שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר יִשְׁתַּבַּח מְעֻמָּד.
1 The laws regarding who is appropriate to go down before the ark (ie. to lead the prayer services). And there are 26 sections: The leader should say Yishtabach while standing.
ב אֵין לוֹמַר יִשְׁתַּבַּח, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן אָמַר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁאָמַר וּקְצָת פְּסוּקֵי דְּזִמְרָה.
2 One should not say Yishtabach unless he has also said Barukh She'Amar and some of P'sukei D'Zimra
ג אֵין לְבָרֵךְ עַל עֲטִיפַת צִיצִית בֵּין פְּסוּקֵי דְּזִמְרָה לְיִשְׁתַּבַּח, אֶלָּא בֵּין יִשְׁתַּבַּח לְיוֹצֵר וע"ל סי' נ"ד סָעִיף ג': הַגָּה: מִיהוּ הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר אִם לֹא הָיָה לוֹ טַלִּית תְּחִלָּה, יִתְעַטֵּף בְּצִיצִית קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּתְחִיל יִשְׁתַּבַּח, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאמַר הַקַּדִּישׁ מִיָּד אַחַר יִשְׁתַּבַּח וְלֹא יַפְסִיק (כָּל בּוֹ סי' ה') וְכֵן אִם אֵין מִנְיָן בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, יַמְתִּין הַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר עִם יִשְׁתַּבַּח וְיִשְׁתֹּק, עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא מִנְיָן וְיֹאמַר יִשְׁתַּבַּח וְקַדִּישׁ (מַהֲרִי"ל).
3 One should not say the bracha on the wrapping of the tzitzit [i.e. putting on a tallit] between P'sukei D'Zimra and Yishtabach [i.e. the closing blessing], rather, he should say it between Yishtabach and Yotzer [Ohr] [and see below 54:3]. Rema: If the leader did not have a tallit at the beginning, he should wrap in tzitzit before he begins Yishtabach so that he will say the Kaddish immediately after Yishtabach and not interrupt [Kol Bo 5], and similarly if there is no minyan in the synagogue, the leader should wait at Yishtabach and be silent until the minyan comes and then say Yishtabach and Kaddish [Maharil].
ד שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הָגוּן. וְאֵיזֶהוּ הָגוּן, שֶׁיְּהֵא רֵיקָן מֵעֲבֵרוֹת, וְשֶׁלֹּא יָצָא עָלָיו שֵׁם רַע, אֲפִלּוּ בְּיַלְדוּתוֹ, וְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה עָנָו וּמְרֻצֶּה לָעָם, וְיֵשׁ לוֹ נְעִימָה, וְקוֹלוֹ עָרֵב, וְרָגִיל לִקְרוֹת תּוֹרָה נְבִיאִים וּכְתוּבִים.
4 The leader must be one who is fit. Who is "fit"? One who is free of sin; who has never had a poor reputation, even in his youth; who is humble; who is acceptable to the nation; who is skilled at [liturgical] chanting; whose voice is pleasant; who is accustomed to reading Torah, Prophets, and Writings (i.e. biblical text).
ה אִם אֵין מוֹצְאִין מִי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת הָאֵלּוּ, יִבְחֲרוּ הַטּוֹב שֶׁבַּצִּבּוּר בְּחָכְמָה וּבְמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים: הַגָּה: וְאִם הָיָה כָּאן עַם הָאָרֶץ זָקֵן, וְקוֹלוֹ נָעִים, וְהָעָם חֲפֵצִים בּוֹ, וּבֶן י"ג שָׁנָה הַמֵּבִין מַה שֶּׁאוֹמֵר, וְאֵין קוֹלוֹ נָעִים, הַקָּטָן הוּא קוֹדֵם (מָרְדְּכַי ספ"ק דְּחֻלִּין) מִי שֶׁעָבַר עֲבֵרָה בְּשׁוֹגֵג, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָרַג הַנֶּפֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָה, וְחָזַר בִּתְשׁוּבָה, מֻתָּר לִהְיוֹת שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, אֲבָל אִם עָשָׂה בְּמֵזִיד לֹא, דְּמִכָּל מָקוֹם יָצָא עָלָיו שֵׁם רַע קֹדֶם הַתְּשׁוּבָה. (תְּשׁוּבַת אוֹר זָרוּעַ בְּמַסֶכֶת בְּרָכוֹת).
5 If there is no person that fits these qualifications, we should pick the one that has the most knowledge and good deeds in the community. Rema: And if there was here an ignoramus who is an elder and his voice is pleasant and the people want him and [also] a 13 year old who knows what he is saying and his voice is not pleasant, the younger one takes precedent (Mordekhai, Chapter 1 of Chullin). One who has committed a sin unintentionally, for example, who killed a person accidentally and returned in repentance is permitted to be leader, but if he did it intentionally [he may] not, in that in any case a bad name has gone out regarding him prior to the repentance.
ו אֵין מְמַנִּין אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁנִּתְמַלֵּא זְקָנוֹ מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹד הַצִּבּוּר, אֲבָל בְּאַקְרַאי מִשֶּׁהֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת יָכוֹל לִירֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְמַנֶּה מִפִּי הַצִּבּוּר אוֹ מִפִּי שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הַמְמַנֶּה אוֹתוֹ לְהָקֵל מֵעָלָיו לְהִתְפַּלֵּל בַּעֲדוֹ לְעִתִּים יְדוּעִים.
6 We do not appoint anyone who does not have a full beard because of the honor of the congregation, but if by happenstance [something comes up], someone which has brought [i.e. grown] two hairs can go down before the Ark as long as he has not been appointed by the congregation or by the [regular] leader appointing him to relieve him to pray for him for defined occasions.
ז אִם אֵין שָׁם מִי שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ לִהְיוֹת שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר כִּי אִם בֶּן י"ג וְיוֹם א' מוּטָב שֶׁיְּהֵא הוּא שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, מִשֶּׁיִּבָּטְלוּ מִלִּשְׁמֹעַ קְדֻשָּׁה וְקַדִּישׁ.
7 If there is no one there who knows how to be the leader except a boy of 13 years and one day, it is better that he will be the leader than to neglect to hear the K'dushah and Kaddish.
ח מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בַּעַל זָקָן, כָּל שֶׁנִּכָּר בּוֹ שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לִכְלַל שָׁנִים שֶׁרָאוּי לְהִתְמַלְּאוֹת זְקָנוֹ, נִתְמַלֵּא זְקָנוֹ קָרִינָן בֵּיהּ, הִלְכָּךְ בֶּן כ' שָׁנָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ זָקָן, מְמַנִּין אוֹתוֹ: הַגָּה: וְכֵן אִם הָיָה לוֹ זָקָן אֲפִלּוּ מְעַט קָרִינָן בֵּיהּ נִתְמַלֵּא זְקָנוֹ, אִם הוּא מִבֶּן י"ח וּלְמַעְלָה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם מ"ס פי"ד וְנ"י פ' הַקוֹרֵא עוֹמֵד).
8 Someone who is not bearded: anyone for whom it is recognized that he has arrived at the general age where it is proper to have filled in his beard, we call him one who has filled his beard. If he is 20 years old, even though he doesn't have a beard we appoint him. Rema: And even if he had a beard even a small one, we call him one who has filled his beard if he is 18 years old or older. [Beit Yosef in the name of Tractate Soferim chapter 14 and Nimukei Yosef on "HaKorei Omeid"]
ט סָרִיס, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְמַנּוֹתוֹ, אִם הוּא בֶּן כ'.
9 A eunuch, there are those who say that it is permitted to appoint him if he is twenty years of age.
י יֵשׁ לְלַמֵּד זְכוּת עַל מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִים שֶׁהַקְּטַנִּים יוֹרְדִין לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת עַרְבִית בְּמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת: הַגָּה: וּבִמְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נָהֲגוּ כֵן, אֵין לְקָטָן לַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה אֲפִלּוּ בִּתְפִלַּת עַרְבִית, אֲפִלּוּ הִגִּיעַ לִכְלַל י"ג שָׁנִים בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, אֵין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית שֶׁל שַׁבָּת דַּהֲרֵי עֲדַיִן אֵין לוֹ י"ג שָׁנָה (מַהֲרִי"ל).
10 We should give the benefit of the doubt to places that practice such that minors go down before the Ark to pray the evening service on Saturday evening. Rema: And in places that do not have this custom, a minor should not pass before the Ark even for the evening service and even if he arrived at 13 years on Shabbat day, he may not pray the [Friday] evening service of Shabbat for behold he is still not 13 years old. [Mahari"l]
יא שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר שֶׁמַּאֲרִיךְ בַּתְּפִלָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁמְעוּ קוֹלוֹ עָרֵב, אִם הוּא מֵחֲמַת שֶׁשָּׂמֵחַ בְּלִבּוֹ עַל שֶׁנּוֹתֵן הוֹדָאָה לַה' יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּנְעִימָה, תָּבֹא עָלָיו בְּרָכָה, וְהוּא שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּכֹבֶד רֹאשׁ, וְעוֹמֵד בְּאֵימָה וְיִרְאָה, אֲבָל אִם מְכַוֵּן לְהַשְׁמִיעַ קוֹלוֹ, וְשָׂמֵחַ בְּקוֹלוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה מְגֻנֶּה. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם כָּל שֶׁמַּאֲרִיךְ בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ, לֹא טוֹב עוֹשֶׂה מִפְּנֵי טֹרַח הַצִּבּוּר.
11 A prayer leader who lengthens the prayer so that people will hear his pleasant voice: if it was because of the joy in his heart that he gives thanks to God, may He be praised, in pleasantness, a blessing shall come upon him. And this as long as he prays with weighty intention and stands in dread and fear, but if he intends to make his voice heard and rejoice in his voice, behold this is detestable. And in any case, anyone who lengthens his prayer [when serving as the leader] is not acting properly because of burdening the congregation.
יב אֵין מְמַנִּין מִי שֶׁקּוֹרֵא לְאַלְפִי"ן עַיְנִי"ן, וּלְעַיְנִי"ן אַלְפִי"ן.
12 We do not appoint a person [to be leader] who reads "aleph"s like "ayin"s and "ayin"s like "aleph"s.
יג פּוֹחֵח, (עַבְדִּי יְשַׁעְיָהוּ עָרֹם (ישעיה כ' ג') תִּרְגֵּם עַבְדִּי יְשַׁעְיָהוּ פַּחִיח) וְהוּא מִי שֶׁבִּגְדּוֹ קָרוּעַ, וּזְרוֹעוֹתָיו מְגֻלִּים, לֹא יֵרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה.
13 A "pocheiach" [[as in the verse] "...my servant Isaiah has gone naked" which is translated [by Targum Yonatan] as "my servant Isaiah 'p'chayach'"] - and it is someone who whose clothing is torn and his arms are exposed - may not go down before the ark.
יד סוּמָא יוֹרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִקְרָא בַּתּוֹרָה, מִשּׁוּם דְּבָרִים שֶׁבִּכְתָב אִי אַתָּה רַשַּׁאי לְאָמְרָם עַל פֶּה.
14 One who is blind may go down before the ark, as long as he does not read from the Torah, because things that are written, you do not have permission to say them by heart.
טו שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר קָבוּעַ יוֹרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה מֵעַצְמוֹ, וְלֹא יַמְתִּין שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ.
15 An established prayer leader goes before the ark himself and doesn't wait until someone asks him to.
טז מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר קָבוּעַ, צָרִיךְ לְסָרֵב מְעַט קֹדֶם שֶׁיֵּרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה, וְלֹא יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי, אֶלָּא פַּעַם רִאשׁוֹנָה מְסָרֵב וּכְשֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה, מֵכִין עַצְמוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁרוֹצֶה לַעֲמֹד, וּבְפַעַם שְׁלִישִׁית יַעֲמֹד. וְאִם הָאוֹמֵר לוֹ שֶׁיֵּרֵד הוּא אָדָם גָּדוֹל, אֵינוֹ מְסָרֵב לוֹ כְּלָל.
16 One who is not an established prayer leader must decline a bit before he goes before the ark, but not too much; rather, the first time he should decline, and when they ask him again he should ready himself as if he wants to go to [lead], and on the third time he should stand [and go before the ark]. If the one who told him to go before the ark is an important person, he should not decline at all.
יז אִם טָעָה שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר וּצְרִיכִין לְהַעֲמִיד אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, אוֹתוֹ שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין תַּחְתָּיו לֹא יְסָרֵב.
17 If the leader should err and they need to replace him, the one whom they ask to replace him should not decline at all.
יח הָאוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹרֵד לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבְּגָדַי צְבוּעִין, אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבְּרַגְלִי סַנְדָּל, לֹא יֵרֵד בְּאוֹתָהּ תְּפִלָּה כְּלָל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הָאֶפִּיקוֹרְסִין לְהַקְפִּיד בְּכָךְ, וְחַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא אֶפִּיקוֹרְסוּת נִזְרְקָה בּוֹ: הַגָּה: וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם נוֹתֵן אֲמַתְלָא לִדְבָרָיו לֹא מְהָנֵי (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם ר' יְהוֹנָתָן):
18 If a person says "I will not lead because my clothing is colorful or because sandals are on my feet," he cannot lead at all for that prayer because that he is the way of the heretics to be particular about this, and we are afraid that heresy has fallen upon him. Rema: [And even if he gives a valid excuse for his words, it is not effective] [Beit Yosef in the name of Rabbi Y'honatan].
יט יֵשׁ מוֹנְעִים גֵּר מִלִּהְיוֹת שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, וְנִדְחוּ דִּבְרֵיהֶם. אֲפִלּוּ יָחִיד יָכוֹל לְעַכֵּב וְלוֹמַר אֵינִי רוֹצֶה שֶׁפְּלוֹנִי יִהְיֶה חַזָּן, אִם לֹא שֶׁכְּבָר הִסְכִּים עָלָיו מִתְּחִלָּה: הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לְאוֹתוֹ יָחִיד טַעַם הָגוּן עַל פִּי טוּבֵי הָעִיר, אֲבָל בְּלָאו הָכֵי אֵין הַיָּחִיד יָכוֹל לִמְחוֹת בִּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר (מהרי"ו סי' ס'), וְאִם הוּא שׂוֹנְאוֹ יָכוֹל לִמְחוֹת בּוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁהִסְכִּים עָלָיו (מַהֲרַ"ם פַּדוֹאָה סי' ס"ד וּמַהֲרִי"ק שֹׁרֶשׁ (מ"ד) [ל']), וּמִי שֶׁהוּא שׂוֹנֵא לַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר לֹא יַעֲלֶה לְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה כְּשֶׁקּוֹרֵא הַתּוֹכֵחָה (אוֹר זָרוּעַ).
19 There are those who prevent a convert from being a prayer leader, and we disregard their words. Even a single individual can prevent [a prayer leader] and say 'I don't want so-and-so to be chazzan' if it was not already agreed upon him from the beginning. Rema: And [this is] specifically when that individual has a fair reason in accordance with the "tuvei ha'ir" (a type of community leadership position), but when not so, an individual cannot prevent a prayer leader [Mahariv Siman 60]. And if he hates him, he can prevent him before they agree upon a prayer leader [Maharam P'duah - Siman 104 and Maharik - Shoresh 44]. And someone who hates the prayer leader, he may not be called up to the Torah when reading the Rebuke [Ohr Zarua].
כ אִם אֶחָד רוֹצֶה לוֹמַר תְּפִלָּה בִּשְׁבִיל אָבִיו, וְאַחֵר רוֹצֶה לוֹמַר בִּשְׁבִיל אַחֵר, מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה הַקָּהָל שֶׁיֹּאמַר הַתְּפִלָּה, הוּא יֹאמַר.
20 If one wants to say the Prayer (ie. lead the prayer services as a merit) for his father [who passed away] and one who wants to say for another person, whoever the congregation wants to say/lead the Prayers, he should say/lead.
כא אֵין לְהִתְמַנּוֹת שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר עַל פִּי הַשַּׂר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרֹב הַצִּבּוּר חֲפֵצִים בּוֹ.
21 We don't appoint a prayer leader based on the request of a [non-Jewish] ruler/government official, even if most of the congregation wants him.
כב שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר בְּשָׂכָר עָדִיף טְפֵי מִבִּנְדָבָה: הַגָּה: וְאֵין לְאָדָם לְהִתְפַּלֵּל בְּלֹא רְצוֹן הַקָּהָל, וְכָל מִי שֶׁמִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּחָזְקָה וְדֶרֶךְ אַלָּמוּת, אֵין עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר בִּרְכוֹתָיו (בִּנְיָמִין זְאֵב סי' קס"ג וַאֲגֻדָּה פ' כֵּיצַד מְבָרְכִין).
22 A paid prayer-leader is better than a voluntary one. Rema: And a person may not pray without the will of the congregation, and anyone who prays [for the congregation] through force and violence, we don't say "amen" to his blessings (Binyamin Z'eiv - Siman 163 and Agudah - Chapter "Keitzad Mevarchin").
כג שְׂכַר שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר פּוֹרְעִים מִקֻּפַּת הַקָּהָל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַשְּׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר מוֹצִיא הַדַּל כְּעָשִׁיר, מִכָּל מָקוֹם אֵין יַד הֶעָנִי מַשֶּׂגֶת כְּעָשִׁיר: הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁגּוֹבִין חֵצִי לְפִי מָמוֹן, וְחֵצִי לְפִי הַנְּפָשׁוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא מִנְהַג הַקְּהִלּוֹת (מַהֲרַ"ם פַּאדוֹוָה סי' (מ"ד) [מ"ב]).
23 The wages of the prayer-leader should be taken from the public funds of the congregation. Even though the prayer-leader is fulfilling [the prayer obligations] of the poor like the rich, nevertheless, the hand of poor doesn't pay as [much as] the rich. Rema: And there are those who say that we collect [from the members] half [of the total funds] according to [each person's] wealth and half according to the [number of] people (ie. a set amount that each person gives), and so is the custom of the congregations (Maharam Padua Siman 44).
כד צִבּוּר שֶׁצְּרִיכִין לִשְׂכֹּר רַב וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, וְאֵין בְּיָדָם כְּדֵי שְׂכַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, אִם הוּא רַב מֻבְהָק וְגָדוֹל בַּתּוֹרָה וּבָקִי בְּהוֹרָאָה, הוּא קוֹדֵם, וְאִם לָאו, שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר קוֹדֵם.
24 A congregation that needs to hire a Rabbi and prayer-leader but doesn't have money for both... If he is a brilliant rabbi, great in Torah, and an expert in halachic ruling, he is given precedence, and if not, the prayer-leader is given precedence.
כה אֵין מְסַלְּקִין חַזָּן מֵאֻמָּנוּתוֹ, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִמְצָא בּוֹ פְּסוּל: הַגָּה: וְאֵין מְסַלְּקִין אוֹתוֹ מִשּׁוּם רִנּוּן בְּעָלְמָא, כְּגוֹן שֶׁיָּצָא עָלָיו שֵׁם שֶׁנִּתְפַּס עִם הַנָּכְרִית, אוֹ שֶׁמָּסַר אָדָם, אֲבָל אִם בָּאוּ עָלָיו עֵדִים בָּזֶה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה, מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתוֹ, וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹחֵט וּבוֹדֵק לֹא יִתְפַּלֵּל בִּבְגָדִים הַצּוֹאִין וּמַסְרִיחִין, וְאִם אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לְהַחֲלִיף בְּגָדָיו בִּשְׁעַת הַתְּפִלָּה וּלְהִתְפַּלֵּל, מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתוֹ. וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הַמְנַבֵּל פִּיו אוֹ שֶׁמְּרַנֵּן בְּשִׁירֵי הַגּוֹיִם עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, מְמַחִין בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת (כֵּן) וְאִם אֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתוֹ (כָּל בּוֹ דַּף קכ"ה ע"ד) וּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר שֶׁהִזְקִין וְרוֹצֶה לְמַנּוֹת בְּנוֹ לְסַיְּעוֹ לִפְרָקִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קוֹל בְּנוֹ עָרֵב כְּקוֹלוֹ, אִם מְמַלֵּא מְקוֹמוֹ בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, בְּנוֹ קוֹדֵם לְכָל אָדָם, וְאֵין הַצִּבּוּר יְכוֹלִין לִמְחוֹת בְּיָדוֹ (תְּשׁוּבַת רַשְׁבָּ"א סי' ש').
25 We do not remove a chazzan from his job, unless we find in him some disqualification. Rema: And we do not remove him just because of slander - for example, that word went out about him that he was caught with a non-Jewish woman or that he informed [to the authorities] against a person. But if witnesses came against him regarding these or something similar, we remove him. And a prayer-leader who is [also] a ritual-slaughterer or an animal examiner should not pray in his filthy and smelly clothes, and if he does not want to change his clothes at the time of prayer in order to pray, we remove him. And a prayer-leader who fouls his mouth (ie. uses foul language) or sings non-Jewish songs, we warn him not to do this, and if he does not listen, we remove him [Kol Bo page 125, amud 4]. And a prayer leader that who has aged and wants to appoint his son to assist him sometimes, even though his son's voice isn't pleasant like his voice - if he "fills his shoes" regarding other things, then his son take precedence over anyone else and the congregation cannot prohibit him. (Responsum of Rashba Siman 9)
כו קָהָל שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְמַנּוֹת אֲנָשִׁים עַל צָרְכֵי הַצִּבּוּר לִזְמַן, וּבְהַגִּיעַ הַזְּמַן יֵצְאוּ אֵלּוּ וְיִכָּנְסוּ אֲחֵרִים תַּחְתֵּיהֶם, בֵּין לְחַזָּן בֵּין לְקֻפָּה שֶׁל צְדָקָה, בֵּין לִשְׁאָר מִנּוּיִים הַצְּרִיכִין לַצִּבּוּר, בֵּין שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עֲלֵיהֶם שָׂכָר בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָם נוֹטְלִים, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא קָבְעוּ לָהֶם זְמַן, סְתָמָן כְּפֵרוּשָׁן מֵאַחַר שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ כָּךְ: הַגָּה: יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁכָּתַב דִּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר יִתְפַּלֵּל מִתּוֹךְ סֵפֶר הַמְיֻחָד לַצִּבּוּר, דְּוַדַּאי נִכְתַּב לִשְׁמוֹ (מהרי"ל בְּשֵׁם רוֹקֵחַ):
26 A community that is accustomed to appoint people for the needs of the community for a [limited] time, and when the time comes those leave and others replace them, whether regarding the chazan, or the charitable trust, or the other positions required by the community; Whether it is [positions] which are paid a salary or those which are unpaid; even if the time/term [of service] is not fixed, implicitly or explicitly alike — [this is acceptable] because they are accustomed to do so. Rema: There is one who wrote that the prayer-leader should pray from the [prayer] book that was designated for the congregation because it was certainly written for the sake of Heaven [Maharil in the name of the Rokeiach].