Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 33

Siman 33

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א נִטַּל הַלֶּחִי הַתַּחְתּוֹן, כְּשֵׁרָה, וְהוּא שֶׁיָּכוֹל לִחְיוֹת עַל יְדֵי הַמְרָאָה וְהַלְעָטָה. הַגָּה: וְכֵן עוֹף שֶׁנִּטַּל חַרְטוּמוֹ וְיָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת עַל יְדֵי הַמְרָאָה וְהַלְעָטָה, כָּשֵׁר. (א"ו הָאָרֹךְ כְּלָל נ"ד וְרוֹקֵחַ).

1 If the lower jaw was removed, it is valid, and this is if [the animal] is able to survive by means of having food stuffed all the way down its throat and having food stuffed partially down its throat. Rema: And so too by a bird whose beak was removed, and it is able to survive by means of having food stuffed all the way down its throat and having food stuffed partially down its throat, it is valid.

ב נִטַּל הַלֶּחִי הָעֶלְיוֹן, לְהַרַמְבַּ"ם טְרֵפָה; וְרָאוּי לָחוּשׁ לִדְבָרָיו.

2 If the upper jaw was removed, according to the Rambam it invalidates the animal. And it is fitting to be concerned for his words.

ג וֵשֶׁט אוֹ תֻּרְבַּץ הַוֵּשֶׁט שֶׁנִּקַּב לַחֲלָלוֹ, בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא, נְבֵלָה.

3 The gullet or the entrance to the gullet, that was punctured [until it reached] its [inner] cavity, if [the hole] is any size, it is [considered an] improperly slaughtered animal.

ד שְׁנֵי עוֹרוֹת יֵשׁ לַוֵּשֶׁט, נִקַּב אֶחָד מֵהֶם, כְּשֵׁרָה; נִקְּבוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם, אֲסוּרָה, וַאֲפִלּוּ עָלָה בּוֹ קְרוּם וְנִסְתַּם, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִקְּבוּ זֶה שֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד זֶה, אֲסוּרָה; וְהוּא שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם מֵרוּחַ אֶחָד, דְּאֶפְשָׁר דְּמִתְרְמֵי אַהֲדָדֵי. (פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁמִּזְדָּמְנִים לְהִתְכַּוֵּן יַחַד). (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רִיטְבָ"א). הַגָּה: וְכָל זֶה לֹא מַיְרֵי אֶלָּא בְּנִכָּר שֶׁהַנֶּקֶב בָּא מֵחֲמַת חֹלִי, אֲבָל אִם יֵשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁנִּקַּב עַל יְדֵי קוֹץ, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא נִקַּב רַק הַפְּנִימִי, טְרֵפָה, דְּחַיְשִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא נִקַּב גַּם הַחִיצוֹן, וּוֵשֶׁט אֵין לוֹ בְּדִיקָה מִבַּחוּץ. (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם תּוֹסָפוֹת וְהָרֹא"שׁ וְר"ן וְעוֹד פּוֹסְקִים).

4 The gullet has two skins. If one of them is punctured, it is valid. If both of them are punctured, it is forbidden, and even if a membrane formed [on the hole] and closed it up, and even if the holes are not opposite each other, it is forbidden. And that is when the two [holes] punctured from the same side [of the gullet], since then it is possible that they happened together (meaning: that they might align together) (Beit Yosef in the name of the Ritva) Rema: And all this is only dealing with a case where it's apparent that the hole came on account of an illness, but if there is concern that the hole is on account of a thorn, even if only the inner [skin] was punctured, it is an invalid animal since we're worried that maybe also the outer [skin] was punctured, and the gullet can not be checked from the outside.(Beit Yosef in the name of Tosafot, Rosh and Ran

ה עוֹרוֹת אֵלּוּ הַחִיצוֹן אָדֹם, וְהַפְּנִימִי לָבָן, וְאִם נִתְחַלְּפוּ שֶׁהַחִיצוֹן לָבָן וּפְנִימִי אָדֹם, טְרֵפָה. וְכֵן אִם שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲדֻמִּים אוֹ לְבָנִים, טְרֵפָה. הַגָּה: וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי וְשָׁטִים אוֹ שְׁנֵי קָנִים, דִּטְרֵפָה. (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרֹא"שׁ כְּלָל כ' סִימָן ט').

5 These skins, the outer one is red and the inner one is white, and if they switched so that the outer one is white and the inner one is red, the animal is invalid. And so too, if both [skins] are red or white, the animal is invalid. Rema: And all the more so, if there are two gullets or two windpipes that the animal is invalid.

ו וֵשֶׁט אֵין לוֹ בְּדִיקָה מִבַּחוּץ אֵצֶל דְּרוּסָה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה בְּדִיקָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא אָדֹם אֵין אֹדֶם הָאֶרֶס נִכָּר בּוֹ; כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, אִם עוֹף הוּא, בּוֹדֵק הַקָּנֶה מִבַּחוּץ וְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְהַפֵּךְ הַוֵּשֶׁט וּבוֹדְקוֹ מִבִּפְנִים; וְאִם בְּהֵמָה הִיא, אֵין לָהּ תַּקָּנָה. הַגָּה: וּלְדִידָן דְּאֵין אָנוּ בְּקִיאִין בַּבְּדִיקָה, אַף עוֹף אֵין לוֹ תַּקָּנָה.

6 The gullet can not be checked from the outside in [a case where the animal] was mauled, which requires checking, because since [the outer skin] is red, the red of the venom [from the mauling] can not be recognized. What can he do? If it is a bird, he can check the windpipe from the outside and then slaughter it, and afterward he can invert the gullet and check it from the inside. And if it is an animal there is no solution. Rema: And for us, since we are not experts at checking, even by a bird there is no solution.

ז וּלְעִנְיַן נֶקֶב נָמֵי אֵין לַוֵּשֶׁט בְּדִיקָה מִבַּחוּץ אֶלָּא מִבִּפְנִים.

7 And also regarding [checking for] a hole in the gullet, one can not check from the outside but rather [needs to check] from the inside.

ח עוֹף הַבָּא לְפָנֵינוּ וְצַוָּארוֹ מְלֻכְלָךְ בְּדָם, אֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לִסְפֵק דְּרוּסָה (ע"ל סי' נ"ז) לִבְדֹּק כָּל הֶחָלָל, אֲבָל חוֹשְׁשִׁין לִסְפֵק נְקוּבָה, לִבְדֹּק מָקוֹם הַמְלֻכְלָךְ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹסְרִין כָּל עוֹף אוֹ בְּהֵמָה דְּצַוָּארָהּ מְלֻכְלָךְ בְּדָם, דְּחַיְישִׁינָן לִנְקִיבַת הַוֵּשֶׁט וְאֵין אָנוּ בְּקִיאִין (הַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִי פא"ט בְּשֵׁם אוֹר זָרוּעַ), וְכֵן הַמִּנְהָג.

8 If a bird comes before us and its neck is dirtied with blood, we are not concerned for a possible case of being mauled [to require] to check the entire cavity [of the gullet], rather we are concerned for a possible hole [to require] to check the dirty spot. Rema: And there are those that forbid all birds and animals whose necks are dirtied with blood because we are concerned for a hole in the gullet and we are not experts [at checking]; and so is the custom.

ט נִמְצָא קוֹץ בַּוֵּשֶׁט לְאָרְכּוֹ אוֹ לְרָחְבּוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ תָּחוּב בּוֹ, כְּשֵׁרָה אִם אֵין עָלָיו קֹרֶט דָּם מִבַּחוּץ (טוּר וְהגה"מיי); אֲבָל אִם הוּא תָּחוּב בּוֹ, אֲסוּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ אֵין שָׁם קֹרֶט דָּם, דְּחַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא נִקַּב הַוֵּשֶׁט וְהִבְרִיא וְנִתְרַפֵּא וְאֵינוֹ נִכָּר. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ מַכְשִׁירִין אִם אֵין קֹרֶט דָּם מִבַּחוּץ, דְּלֹא חַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁמָּא הִבְרִיא (הראב"ן וְהָרֹא"שׁ והג"א בְּשֵׁם סה"ת). וְכֵן נָהֲגוּ לְהָקֵל בְּעִירֵנוּ בְּאוֹתָן אַוָּזוֹת שֶׁמַּלְעִיטִין לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן שֻׁמָּן, שֶׁיֵּשׁ תַּקָּנָה בָּעִיר לִבְדֹּק אַחַר נְקִיבַת הַוֵּשֶׁט מִשּׁוּם דְּשָׁכִיחַ יוֹתֵר מִסִּרְכוֹת הָרֵאָה. וְנָהֲגוּ לְהָקֵל בְּיָשַׁב לוֹ קוֹץ בַּוֵּשֶׁט, אִם אֵינוֹ נָקוּב מִשְּׁנֵי צְדָדִים אוֹ שֶׁאֵין קֹרֶט דָּם מִבַּחוּץ; וְיֵשׁ לְדַקְדֵּק בָּזֶה הַרְבֵּה כִּי הוּא אִסּוּר דְּאוֹרָיְתָא; וְיוֹתֵר הָיָה טוֹב שֶׁלֹּא לִבְדֹּק כְּלָל וְלִסְמֹךְ אָרֻבָּא, מִלִּבְדֹּק וּלְהָקֵל בְּמָקוֹם דְּאִכָּא רִעוּתָא.

9 If one finds a thorn in the gullet, [whether it was lying] lengthwise or widthwise, and [the thorn] was not lodged in [the gullet], it is valid if there is no bloodspot on the outside of [the gullet]. But, if it is lodged in [the gullet], it is forbidden, even if there is no bloodspot [on the outside], since we are concerned that maybe the gullet was punctured and it healed and became healthy and [now the hole] can not be seen. Rema: And there are those that validate the animal if there is no bloodspot on the outside because we are not concerned that it might have [had a hole which] healed. And so too the custom is to be lenient in our cities by the geese which we overfeed to make fat, that there is a a way to fix [the fobidden animal] in the city by checking after the gullet was punctured because we are more concerned for [the case of] the lungs sticking [to each other]. And our custom is to be lenient where the thorn is lodged in the gullet if there is no hole on both sides or if there is no bloodspot on the outside. And there are those who are very precise with this because it is forbidden from the Torah; and it is much better to not check at all and rely on the majority [case] instead of checking and [needing to rely] on a leniency in a case where there is an imperfection.

י נִפְרַד הַוֵּשֶׁט מֵהַקָּנֶה וְנִתְדַּלְדְּלוּ זֶה מִזֶּה בְּרֹב שִׁעוּר אָרְכָּן, טְרֵפָה.

10 If the gullet and windpipe separated and hang loosely from each other in the majority of the measurement of their lengths, the animal is invalid.

יא זֶפֶק שֶׁנִּקַּב גַּגּוֹ נֶקֶב מְפֻלָּשׁ בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, טְרֵפָה. וְאֵיזֶהוּ גַּגּוֹ, זֶה שֶׁיִּמָּתַח עִם הַוֵּשֶׁט כְּשֶׁיַּאֲרִיךְ הָעוֹף צַוָּארוֹ, אֲבָל שְׁאָר הַזֶּפֶק שֶׁנִּקַּב, מֻתָּר. הַגָּה: נִטַּל הַזֶּפֶק, טְרֵפָה, (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רֹב הַפּוֹסְקִים), אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיּוּכַל הַמַּאֲכָל לַעֲבֹר מִן הַוֵּשֶׁט אֶל הַקֻּרְקְבָן (כָּךְ מַשְׁמָע מַהֲרַ"ן פא"ט). נִקַּב הַבָּשָׂר (הַמְּעִי') שֶׁבֵּין הַזֶּפֶק לַקֻּרְקְבָן, טְרֵפָה (בְּסוֹף ש"ד וּמַהֲרִי"ל).

11 If the roof of the crop was punctured with a hole that goes all the way through of any size, it is an invalid animal. And what is considered the roof? That which is drawn with the gullet when the bird stretches its neck. But if the rest of the crop is punctured, it is permitted. Rema: If the crop was removed, the animal is invalid, even if there remained enough that the food is able to pass from the gullet to the gizzard. If the flesh between the crop and the gizzard was punctured, the animal is invalid.

Previous Chapter Next Chapter