Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 379

Siman 379

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א כְּשֶׁמְּבָרְכִין בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן בְּבֵית הָאָבֵל, אוֹמֵר בְּרָכָה רְבִיעִית כְּנֻסַח זוֹ: בא"י אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הָאֵל אָבִינוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ בּוֹרְאֵנוּ גוֹאֲלֵנוּ קְדוֹשֵׁנוּ קְדוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחַי הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב אֵל אֱמֶת דַּיַּן אֱמֶת שׁוֹפֵט בְּצֶדֶק וְכו'. הַגָּה: לוֹקֵחַ נְפָשׁוֹת בְּמִשְׁפָּט שַׁלִּיט בְּעוֹלָמוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת בּוֹ כִּרְצוֹנוֹ כִּי כָּל דְּרָכָיו בְּמִשְׁפָּט וַאֲנַחְנוּ עַמּוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו וּבַכֹּל אֲנַחְנוּ חַיָּבִים לְהוֹדוֹת לוֹ וּלְבָרְכוֹ גּוֹדֵר פִּרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא יִגְדֹּר הַפִּרְצָה הַזֹּאת מֵעָלֵינוּ וּמֵעַל אָבֵל זֶה לְחַיִּים וּלְשָׁלוֹם (טוּר).
1 When grace is recited after meals in the house of mourning, one recites in the fourth benediction the following version: 'Blessed art Thou, Lord our God, King of the Universe, O God our Father, our King, our Creator, our Redeemer, our Holy One, the Holy One of Jacob, [our Shepherd, the Shepherd of Israel, the good King, who does good to all, who day by day has dealt kindly and will deal kindly with us], the living King, who is good and does good, God of Truth, Judge of Truth, who judges in righteousness. Rema: Who takes away souls in judgment, who is Ruler in His Universe to do as it pleaseth him in it, for all his ways are judgment and we are His people and His servants and for everything we are dutibound to give thanks unto Him and to bless Him. He who fences in the breaches of Israel will fence in this breach from upon us and from upon this mourner for the sake of life and peace.'
ב יֵשׁ מוֹסִיפִים בִּבְרָכָה שְׁלִישִׁית: נַחֵם ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֶת אֲבֵלֵי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְאֶת הָאֲבֵלִים הַמִתְאַבְּלִים בָּאֵבֶל הַזֶּה, נַחֲמֵם מֵאֶבְלָם וְשַׂמְּחֵם מִיגוֹנָם, כָּאָמוּר: כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אִמּוֹ תְּנַחֲמֶנּוּ (יְשַׁעְיָה סו, יג) וְכו' בא"י מְנַחֵם צִיּוֹן בְּבִנְיַן יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.
2 Some add in the third benediction, ['and rebuild Jerusalem, the Holy City speedily in our days,' — the words], 'Comfort, O Lord our God, the mourners of Jerusalem and the mourners who are observing this mourning. Comfort them from this mourning and make them rejoice from their sorrow, as it is said, one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem. Blessed art Thou, O God, who comfortest Zion in the rebuilding of Jerusalem.'
ג יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים בְּבִרְכַּת זִמּוּן: נְבָרֵךְ מְנַחֵם אֲבֵלִים שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ מִשֶּׁלוֹ.
3 Some say in the introductory benediction to say grace, 'Let us bless the Comforter of mourners whose food we have eaten.'
ד בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם בֵּרַךְ בְּיָחִיד, אוֹ בְּג' אֲבֵלִים, מְבָרֵךְ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמְּבָרֵךְ בְּחוֹל, דְּצִנְעָא הוּא. וְאִם אָכְלוּ אֲחֵרִים עִמּוֹ וּבֵרְכוּ, אֵין מַזְכִּירִין מֵעֵין הַמְּאֹרָע, דְּכֵיוָן דְּאִכָּא אֲחֵרִים לָאו צִנְעָה הוּא.
4 On the Sabbath [during the seven days of mourning], if the [mourner] said grace privately or even if grace was said with three mourners [present], one recites the benediction in the same manner as it is recited during the weekdays, for this is [considered mourning of domestic] privacy; and if others ate with him and said grace, one does not mention the nature of the occasion, for since there are others present, it is no longer [considered] private mourning.
ה אָבֵל מִצְטָרֵף לִתְפִלָה וּלְזִמּוּן, בֵּין לְג' בֵּין לַעֲשָׂרָה.
5 A mourner is counted in the number [requisite] for Tefillah and the saying of common grace both with respect to the number of three and ten.
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