Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 381

Siman 381

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א רְחִיצָה כֵּיצַד, אָסוּר לִרְחֹץ כָּל גוּפוֹ, אֲפִלוּ בְּצוֹנֵן; אֲבָל פָּנָיו יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו, בְּחַמִּין, אָסוּר; בְּצוֹנֵן, מֻתָּר. וְאִם הָיָה מְלֻכְלָךְ בְּטִּיט וְצוֹאָה, רוֹחֵץ כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. הַגָּה: וְכָל זֶה מִדִּינָא אֵינוֹ אָסוּר רַק שִׁבְעָה, אֲבָל אַחַר כָּךְ מֻתָּר בִּרְחִיצָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ הָאִדָּנָא לֶאֱסֹר כָּל רְחִיצָה כָּל ל' יוֹם (מהר"מ הִלְכוֹת שְׂמָחוֹת ובהגמי"י פ"ז מהל' י"ט ופ"י דהל' אֵבֶל); וַאֲפִלּוּ לָחֹף הָרֹאשׁ אָסוּר (לְקַמָּן סי' ש"צ ובא"ז); וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת הַמִּנְהָג, כִּי מִנְהָג קָדוּם הוּא וְנִתְיַסֵּד עַל פִּי וָתִיקִין (א"ז בְּשֵׁם רַשְׁבָּ"א).
1 In what manner is bathing [forbidden]? — He is forbidden to bathe his whole body even in cold water, but his face, hands and feet he is forbidden [to wash] in warm water, [but] in cold water he is permitted. However, if he was soiled with mud or excrement, he may bathe in his usual way without any apprehension. Rema: And all this is forbidden legally only for seven [ days ], but subsequently he is permitted to bathe, only that nowadays it is the adopted practice to prohibit bathing throughout the thirty days, and even to cleanse the head is forbidden. And this custom should not be altered, for it is an ancient custom and was established by pious men.
ב סִיכָה כֵּיצַד, אָסוּר לָסוּךְ אֲפִלוּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, אִם מְכַוֵּן לְתַעֲנוּג, אֲבָל אִם הוּא לְהַעֲבִיר הַזֻּהֲמָא מֻתָּר; וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה, כְּגוֹן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ חֲטָטִין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ.
2 In what manner is annointing [forbidden]? — Any annointing whatsoever is forbidden, if his intention is merely for the sake of pleasure; but if it is to remove dirt, it is permissible, and needless to say [that it is permitted if used] as a medicine, e.g., if he had scabs on his head.
ג יוֹלֶדֶת אֲבֵלָה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לִרְחֹץ, מֻתָּר. וְכֵן מָאן דְּאִית לֵיהּ עִרְבּוּבְיָא בְּרֵישֵׁיהּ, מֻתָּר לָחֹף רֹאשׁוֹ בְּחַמִּין, דְּלֹא גָרַע מֵאִסְטְנִיס (פי' קַר הַגּוּף וּמְצֻנָּן), שֶׁמֻּתָּר לִרְחֹץ כָּל גוּפוֹ. וְלֹא כָּל מִי שֶׁאָמַר: אִסְטְנִיס אֲנִי, מַתִּירִין לוֹ, אֶלָא דַּוְקָא שֶׁהוּא יָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא אִסְטְנִיס וּמִתְנַהֵג בִּנְקִיּוּת, וְאִם לֹא יִרְחַץ יִצְטַעֵר הַרְבֵּה וְיָבֹא לִידֵי מֵחוּשׁ.
3 A woman in mourning after childbirth who requires to bathe, is permitted [to do so]. Likewise, one who has scabs on his head, is permitted to cleanse his head in warm water, for [this case] is not less important than [the case of] a delicate person, i.e., one who is frigid in body and is overcome by cold, who is permitted to bathe his whole body. However, we do not permit anyone who says, 'I am a delicate person' [to bathe], unless it is known that he is a delicate person and comports himself in cleanliness and should he not bathe he would suffer much and take ill.
ד מִי שֶׁתְּכָפוּהוּ אֲבֵלָיו, שֶׁאֵרְעוּ שְׁנֵי אֲבֵלוּת זֶה אַחַר זֶה, מֻתָּר לִרְחֹץ כָּל גוּפוֹ בְּצוֹנֵן.
4 One who suffered a bereavement followed close on another [bereavement], [i.e.,] two mournings befell him, one immediately after the other, is permitted to bathe his whole body in cold water.
ה נִדָּה שֶׁנִּזְדַּמְּנָה זְמַן טְבִילָתָהּ בִּימֵי אֶבְלָהּ, אֵינָהּ טוֹבֶלֶת (טוּר בְּשֵׁם ר"ת וְע"פ ומהרי"ק שֹׁרֶשׁ ל"ה). הַגָּה: וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁאֵינָהּ רוֹחֶצֶת לִלְבֹּשׁ לְבָנִים. אֲבָל מִיָּד אַחַר ז', אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ אִסּוּר בִּרְחִיצָה כָּל ל', מִכָּל מָקוֹם הִיא מֻתֶּרֶת רַק שֶׁתְּשַׁנֶּה הַרְחִיצָה קְצָת (א"ז בְּסוֹף הִלְכוֹת אֵבֶל), וְחָלוּק לָבָן תִּלְבֹּש וְסָדִין לָבָן תַּצִּיעַ, שֶׁלֹּא תָּבֹא לִידֵי סָפֵק (תְּשׁוּבַת מהרי"ל סִימָן ט"ו).
5 A menstruous woman whose time for immersion became due during her [seven days of] mourning, does not immerse. Rema: So much the more that she does not bathe in order to put on [ her ] white garments [ worn during the counting of the seven days of cleanliness ]. However, immediately after the seven days [ of mourning ], — although it is the common practice to adopt a prohibition against bathing for the entire thirty days, — yet, she is permitted [ to bathe then ], — only that she should alter the [ mode of ] bathing a little, and she may put on a plain white frock and spread out a [ clean ] white sheet [ on her couch ] so that she does not come to any doubt.
ו אִשָּׁה לֹא תִּכְחֹל וְלֹא תְּפַרְקֵס בִּימֵי אֶבְלָהּ, שֶׁכָּל אֵלוּ אֲסוּרִים בִּרְחִיצָה. וְאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ אֵינָהּ אֲסוּרָה אֶלָא תּוֹךְ שִׁבְעָה, אֲבָל אַחַר ז' מֻתֶּרֶת בַּכֹּל, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְגַנֶּה עַל בַּעֲלָהּ. כַּלָה שֶׁאֵרְעָהּ אֵבֶל תּוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם לְחֻפָּתָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִתְקַשֵּׁט אֲפִלוּ תּוֹךְ ז'. בּוֹגֶרֶת שֶׁאֵרְעָהּ אֵבֶל, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעוֹמֶדֶת לִנָּשֵׂא, מֻתֶּרֶת בְּכִחוּל וּפִרְקוּס אֲבָל אֲסוּרָה בִּרְחִיצַת חַמִּין כָּל גוּפָהּ; נַעֲרָה אֲבֵלָה, אֲסוּרָה אֲפִלוּ בְּכִחוּל וּפִרְקוּס.
6 A woman should not paint [her eyelids] nor rouge [her face] during the days of her mourning, for all these [things] are forbidden as bathing. A married woman is forbidden [to do this] only during the seven [days], but after the seven [days] she is permitted everything, so that she does not become repulsive to her husband. A bride whom mourning befell within the thirty days [subsequent] to her marriage, is permitted to adorn herself, even within the seven [days of mourning]. A girl who has reached adolescence, whom mourning befell, — [the law is that] since she is ready for marriage, she is permitted painting [of the eyelids] and rouging [of the face], but is forbidden to bathe the entire body in warm water. A girl who has not reached adolenscence, who is a mourner, is forbidden even painting [of the eyelids] and rouging [of the face].
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