Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 395

Siman 395

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָמְדוּ מְנַחֲמִים מֵאֵצֶל הָאָבֵל בְּיוֹם שְׁבִיעִי, מֻתָּר בְּכָל דְּבָרִים שֶׁאָסוּר בָּהֶם תּוֹךְ שִׁבְעָה, דְּמִקְצָת הַיּוֹם כְּכֻלוֹ, לֹא שְׁנָא מִקִצָת יוֹם שְׁבִיעִי לֹא שְׁנָא מִקְצָת יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֵנֵץ הַחַמָּה בְּיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים, בָּטְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ גְזֵרַת שְׁלֹשִׁים (רֹא"שׁ וְרַבֵּנוּ יְרוּחָם). הַגָּה: וּבִמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין הַמְּנַחֲמִין רְגִילִין לָבוֹא בְּיוֹם ז', צָרִיךְ לְהַמְתִּין עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁרְגִילִין הַמְּנַחֲמִים לָבוֹא בִּשְׁאָר יָמִים, דְּהַיְנוּ לְאַחַר יְצִיאָה מִבֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת שֶׁרְגִילִין לָבוֹא מְנַחֲמִין, כֵּן נִרְאֶה לִי, וּדְלֹא כְּמוֹ שֶׁרְגִילִין לְהַמְתִּין שָׁעָה עַל הַיּוֹם, דְּאֵין הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי רַק בַּעֲמִידַת הַמְּנַחֲמִין. (וְכֵן מַשְׁמָע בַּאֲשֵׁרִי).

1 As soon as the comforters have risen [to leave] from the presence of the mourner on the seventh day, he is permitted [to do] everything that he was forbidden during the seven [days of mourning], for part of the [seventh] day [is regarded] as the whole day, [and furthermore, there is] no difference whether it is part of the seventh day or part of the thirtieth day [of mourning], for as soon as the sun has risen on the thirtieth day, the restrictions of the thiry [days] cease to exist for him. Rema: And in these countries where it is not customary for the comforters to come on the seventh day, one is required to wait until the hour when it is customary for the comforters to come on other days, viz., after the departure [ of the worshippers ] from the Synagogue, [ at which time ] it is customary for comforters to come. Thus seems to me [ to be the correct view ], and not as the common practice is to wait an hour after the day [ has commenced ], for the matter depends solely upon the comforters rising [ to depart ].

ב שָׁמַע שְׁמוּעָה רְחוֹקָה בַּלַיְלָה, כֵּיוָן דְּסָגֵי בְּשָׁעָה אַחַת, סַלְקָא, אֲפִלוּ בַּלַיְלָה.

2 One who heard [a death report of] distant tidings at night, — since one hour [of mourning] is sufficient [in such a case], it is accounted as valid even [if observed] at night.

ג מִי שֶׁמֵּת אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן, לֹא אַמְרִינָן בכ"ט בַּאֲדָר שֶׁאַחֲרָיו מִקְצָת הַיּוֹם כְּכֻלוֹ, אֶלָא צָרִיךְ לִנְהֹג דְּבָרִים הָאֲסוּרִים בי"ב חֹדֶשׁ עַד שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן. הַגָּה: וְנָהֲגוּ לְהוֹסִיף עוֹד הַיּוֹם שֶׁמֵּת בּוֹ הָאָב אוֹ הָאֵם לִנְהֹג בּוֹ דִּין י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, וְנָכוֹן הוּא.

3 One whose father or mother died on the first day of the month of Nisan, — [the law is that] we do not say on the twenty-ninth day of Adar, following, 'A part of the day [is regarded] as the whole day,' but one must observe those things that are prohibited during the twelve months [of mourning] until the first day of the month of Nisan arrives. Rema: It is also customary to include the day wherein [ one's ] father or mother died, [ viz.,] to treat it [ in accordance with ] the law of the twelve months' [ period of mourning ] and this is the proper [ usage ].

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