Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 401

Siman 401

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אֵין מַנִּיחִין אֶת הַמִּטָּה בָּרְחוֹב בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, שֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְגִיל אֶת הַהֶסְפֵּד, שֶׁאָסוּר לְהַרְגִיל אֶת הַהֶסְפֵּד בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, אֶלָא לִכְבוֹד תַּלְמִיד חָכָם; לְפִיכָךְ אֵין מוֹלִיכִין הַמֵּת לְבֵית הַקְבָרוֹת בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כָּל הַקֶבֶר מְתֻקָן וּמְזֻמָּן.
1 The bier is not to be set down in the open street during Hol ha-Moed so as not to give occasion for lamentation; for it is forbidden to give occasion for lamentation during Hol ha-Moed, unless it is [done] out of deference to a scholar. Therefore, the corpse is not taken out to the cemetery during Hol ha-Moed, unless the entire grave is prepared and is at one's disposal.
ב אֵין קוֹרְעִין בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד אֶלָא מִי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב לִקְרֹעַ כִּדְאִיתָא בְּסִימָן ש"מ, אֲבָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב, וְרוֹצֶה לִקְרֹעַ מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, אָסוּר.
2 Only one who is required to rend [garments] during Hol ha-Moed, does so, as stated in § 340, but one who is not dutibound [to do so] and desires to rend [garments during Hol ha-Moed ] out of respect [to the dead], is forbidden [to do so].
ג שָׁמַע בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד שְׁמוּעָה קְרוֹבָה, חַיָּב לִקְרֹעַ.
3 [If] one received during the Festival a report of near tidings, he is dutibound to rend [garments].
ד אֵין חוֹלְצִין כָּתֵף בַּמּוֹעֵד, וְאֵין מַבְרִין בּוֹ אֶלָא קְרוֹבָיו שֶׁל מֵת; אֲבָל הַקְרוֹבִים, מַבְרִין. וְהוּא הַדִּין לַחֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ. וּכְשֶׁמַּבְרִין, אֵין מַבְרִין אֶלָא עַל מִטּוֹת זְקוּפוֹת, אֲבָל בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אֲפִלוּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֵׁנִי, אֵין קוֹרְעִין וְלֹא חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מַבְרִין; וּבְחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד מַבְרִין הַכֹּל עַל הֶחָכָם לְתוֹךְ הָרְחוֹב, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמַּבְרִין אֶת הַקְרוֹבִים, שֶׁהַכֹּל כִּקְרוֹבָיו.
4 One does not bare the shoulder [in mourning] during [ Hol ] ha-Moed, and only the near-of-kin of the dead are provided therein with the mourner's meal. However, [this means that] the mourner's meal is provided [only for] the near-of-kin [who are dutibound to observe mourning rites]. Likewise, on Hanukkah, Purim and Rosh Hodesh [the same rule applies]. And when the mourner's meal is provided [during Hol ha-Moed ], it is done only on couches set up [in the usual manner]. However, on a Festival day, even on the second Festival day [of the Diaspora], one does not rend garments, nor bare [the shoulder in mourning], nor does one provide the mourner's meal. And during Hol ha-Moed all [who are in mourning] for a Sage, may be provided with the mourner's meal in the open space [of the town] in the [same] manner as the near-of-kin are provided with the mourner's meal, for all are like his near-of-kin.
ה נָשִׁים בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד מְעַנּוֹת, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁכֻּלָן עוֹנוֹת כְּאַחַת; אֲבָל לֹא מְטַפְּחוֹת, דְּהַיְנוּ לְהַכּוֹת כַּף עַל כַּף. בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, חֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים, מְעַנּוֹת וּמְטַפְּחוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא מְקוֹנְנוֹת, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאַחַת מְדַבֶּרֶת וְכֻלָן עוֹנוֹת אַחֲרֶיהָ. נִקְבַּר הַמֵּת, לֹא מְעַנּוֹת וְלֹא מְטַפְּחוֹת; וְהָנֵי מִלֵי לְאִינַשׁ דְּעַלְמָא, אֲבָל לְתַלְמִיד חָכָם, בֵּין בְּחֹל הַמּוֹעֵד בֵּין בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, חֲנֻכָּה וּפוּרִים, מְעַנּוֹת וּמְקוֹנְנוֹת כְּדַרְכָּן בַּחֹל; וְהָנֵי מִלֵי בְּפָנָיו, אֲבָל שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו, לֹא. וְיוֹם שְׁמוּעָה, אֲפִלוּ רְחוֹקָה, כִּבְפָנָיו דְּמֵי.
5 During Hol ha-Moed women may sing dirges, i.e., they all sing dirges in chorus, but may not clap, i.e., to clap their hands [in grief]. On Rosh Hodesh, Hanukkah and Purim, they may sing dirges and may clap their hands [in grief], but may not wail, i.e., when one speaks and all respond after her. After the corpse has been interred, they neither sing dirges, nor clap their hands [in grief]. This ruling obtains only with respect to an ordinary person, but as regards a scholar [who died, the law is that] both during Hol ha-Moed as well as Rosh Hodesh, Hanukkah and Purim, they may sing dirges and may wail as is their usual custom during a weekday. However, this ruling obtains only in his [the corpse's] presence, but away from his presence no [lament is permitted]. And the day of [receiving] the tidings [of his death], — even distant [tidings], is regarded the same as in his presence.
ו אוֹמְרִים עַל הַמֵּת צִדּוּק הַדִּין וְקַדִּישׁ, כְּדַרְכָּן. וְכֵן בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֵׁנִי; אֲבָל בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין מִתְעַסְקִים בַּמֵּת אֵין אוֹמְרִים אוֹתוֹ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִין שֶׁלֹּא לוֹמַר צִדּוּק הַדִּין בַּמּוֹעֵד (הַטּוּר הֵבִיא כַּמָּה רַבְּוָתָא), וְכֵן הַמִּנְהָג פָּשׁוּט בִּמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא לוֹמַר צִדּוּק הדִּין בְּכָל הַיָּמִים שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים בָּהֶם תַּחֲנוּן (בְּמִנְהָגִים); וְלָכֵן אֵין אוֹמְרִים גַּם כֵּן כְּשֶׁקּוֹבְרִין אַחַר חֲצוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאִם קוֹבְרִים הַמֵּת בַּלַּיְלָה, שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים קַדִּישׁ וְלֹא צִדּוּק הדִּין (כָּל בּוֹ).
6 [On Hol ha-Moed ] one recites for the dead Ẓidduk Ha-din and Kaddish as usual; likewise, on the second Festival day [of the Diaspora], but on the first day of a Festival, since we do not attend to [the burial needs of] the dead, it [ Ẓidduk Haddin ] is not recited. Rema: Some differ [ with this ruling and maintain ] that Ẓidduk Haddin should not be recited on [ Hol ] ha-Moed; and thus is the common practice in these countries, [ viz.,] not to recite Ẓidduk Haddin on all days during which Taḥanun is not recited. Hence, [ it ] is also not said after midday on the eve of the Sabbath. Some say that if the corpse is interred at night, Kaddish and Ẓidduk Haddin are not recited.
ז מֵת לוֹ מֵת קֹדֶם פּוּרִים, וּפָגַע בּוֹ פּוּרִים, אֵינוֹ מַפְסִיק הָאֲבֵלוּת; וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם אֵין אֲבֵלוּת נוֹהֵג בּוֹ, לֹא בְּי"ד וְלֹא בְּט"ו, אֶלָא דְּבָרִים שֶׁבְּצִנְעָא נוֹהֵג, וְחַיָּב לִשְׁלֹחַ מָנוֹת. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְאַבֵּל בָּהֶם, עוֹלִים לוֹ מִמִּנְיַן הַשִּׁבְעָה, כְּמוֹ שַׁבָּת.
7 One who suffered a bereavement before Purim and then Purim occurred, it does not interrupt [the period of] mourning. Yet, no mourning is observed therein, neither on the fourteenth nor on the fifteenth [day of Adar ]; only matters pertaining to private mourning one observes, and one is dutibound to send gifts [to others as is customary on Purim ]; and although one observes no mourning rites therein, they [i.e., the fourteenth and the fifteenth of Adar ] enter for him into the counting of the seven [days of mourning] as [in the case of the] Sabbath.
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