Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 87

Siman 87

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה: לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ (שְׁמוֹת כג, יט, לד, כו, דְּבָרִים יד, כא) ג' פְּעָמִים; אֶחָד לְאִסוּר בִּשּׁוּל, וְאֶחָד לְאִסוּר אֲכִילָה, וְאֶחָד לְאִסוּר הֲנָאָה. וְהוֹצִיא אֲכִילָה בִּלְשׁוֹן בִּשּׁוּל, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא דֶּרֶךְ בִּשּׁוּל, אֲבָל מִדְּרַבָּנָן אָסוּר בְּכָל עִנְיָן. כָּל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב שֶׁאֵינוֹ אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה, מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. (טוּר וְאָרֹךְ כְּלָל ל').
1 It is written in the Torah: "you will not cook a kid in the milk of its mother" three times (Exodus 23:19; Exodus 34:26; Deuteronomy 14:21); once for the prohibition of cooking, once for the prohibition of eating, and once for the prohibition of receiving benefit [from the cooked meat and milk products]. The prohibition of eating is presented in the language of cooking, to say that there is no prohibition from the Torah [in regard to meat and milk] unless it is in a manner of cooking, but rabbinically it [the mixture of meat and milk] is forbidden in every way. All meat and milk [mixtures] that are not forbidden from the Torah are permitted to benefit from.
ב גְּדִי, לָאו דַּוְקָא, דְּהוּא הַדִּין שׁוֹר, שֶׂה וָעֵז. וְלֹא שְׁנָא בַּחֲלֵב אֵם, וְלֹא שְׁנָא בַּחֲלֵב אַחֶרֶת, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב בַּהֹוֶה.
2 [The word] "kid", is not specific, it is the same rule with ox, sheep and goat. There is no difference if it is the milk of the mother, or of another [domesticated] animal. Rather, the verse refers to the common case.
ג אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בִּבְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה בַּחֲלֵב בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה, אֲבָל בְּשַׂר טְהוֹרָה בַּחֲלֵב טְמֵאָה, אוֹ בְּשַׂר טְמֵאָה בַּחֲלֵב טְהוֹרָה, מֻתָּרִים בְּבִשּׁוּל וּבַהֲנָאָה. וּבְשַׂר חַיָּה וָעוֹף, אֲפִלּוּ בַּחֲלֵב טְהוֹרָה, מֻתָּר בְּבִשּׁוּל, וּבַהֲנָאָה; וְאַף בַּאֲכִילָה אֵינוֹ אָסוּר, אֶלָּא מִדְּרַבָּנָן. אֲבָל דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים, אֵין בָּהֶם אִסוּר, אֲפִלּוּ מִדְּרַבָּנָן. הַגָּה: וְנָהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת חָלָב מִשְּׁקֵדִים וּמַנִּיחִים בָּהּ בְּשַׂר עוֹף, הוֹאִיל וְאֵינוֹ רַק מִדְּרַבָּנָן. אֲבָל בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, יֵשׁ לְהַנִּיחַ אֵצֶל הַחָלָב שְׁקֵדִים, מִשּׁוּם מַרְאִית הָעַיִן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל סִימָן ס"ו לְעִנְיַן דָּם (ד"ע).
3 The law only applies with meat from a pure [kosher] animal and milk from a pure animal, but meat of a pure animal in milk that is impure, or meat from an impure animal in pure milk, is permitted to cook and benefit from. Meat of a wild animal and of fowl, even in milk which is pure, is permitted to cook and benefit from; and even eating is only prohibited rabbinically. Fish and grasshoppers are not prohibited [with milk] even rabbinically. Rema: We make milk from almonds and place bird meat in it, since [milk and bird meat] is only rabbinically [forbidden]. But with meat from a domesticated animal, place almonds next to the milk, so that people don't misunderstand. This is as we said above, in chapter 66.
ד אָסוּר לְבַשֵּׁל בַּחֲלֵב אִשָּׁה, מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעַיִן. וְאִם נָפַל לְתוֹךְ הַתַּבְשִׁיל, בָּטֵל, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ שִׁעוּר. הַגָּה: וְנִרְאֶה לְפִי זֶה, דְּכָל שֶׁכֵּן דְּאָסוּר לְבַשֵּׁל לְכַתְּחִלָּה בַּחֲלֵב טְמֵאָה, אוֹ בָּשָׂר טָמֵא בְּחָלָב טָהוֹר (ד"ע) וְדַוְקָא בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, אֲבָל בְּעוֹף, דְּרַבָּנָן, אֵין לָחוּשׁ.
4 It is forbidden to cook [meat] with the milk of a woman, because of appearances. If woman's milk fell into [meat] food, it is nullified and there is no need to measure. Rema: It seems according to this, all the more so that it is forbidden to cook with impure milk or impure meat with pure milk, in the case of domesticated animals. But with rabbinical prohibited fowl, there is no need to be concerned.
ה בֵּיצִים הַנִּמְצָאִים בְּעוֹפוֹת, אִם הֵם גְמוּרוֹת דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם חֶלְבּוֹן וְחֶלְמוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מְעֹרָה בְּגִידִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ גְּמוּרָה וּמֻתָּר לְאָכְלָהּ בְּחָלָב. אֲבָל אִם אֵין לָהּ אֶלָּא חֶלְמוֹן, אָסוּר לְבַשְּׁלָם בְּחָלָב. אֲבָל אִם אֲכָלָם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָם, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל אַחֲרֵיהֶם גְּבִינָה אוֹ חָלָב.
5 Eggs that are found inside chickens, if they are complete - i.e. they have white and yolk - even though that it is bound with sinews - indeed it is complete and it is permissible to eat it with milk. If the egg only has yolk, it is forbidden to cook with milk. If he eats the eggs alone, it is permissible to eat cheese or milk afterwards.
ו הַמְעֻשָּׁן וְהַמְבֻשָּׁל בְּחַמֵּי טְבֶרְיָא, אֵין לוֹקִין עָלָיו. וְכֵן הַמְבַשֵּׁל בָּשָׂר בְּמֵי חָלָב, אוֹ בַּחֲלֵב מֵתָה, אוֹ בַּחֲלֵב זָכָר, אוֹ שֶׁבִּשֵּׁל דָּם בְּחָלָב, פָּטוּר, וְאֵין לוֹקִין עַל אֲכִילָתוֹ מִשּׁוּם בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב. הַגָּה: וַחֲלֵב זָכָר לֹא מִקְּרֵי חָלָב כְּלָל. וְאִם נָפַל לְתוֹךְ קְדֵרָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. אֲבָל חֲלֵב מֵתָה, וּמֵי חָלָב, אוֹסְרִים הַמַּאֲכָל כְּמוֹ חָלָב עַצְמָהּ. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּבִשּׁוּל, יֵשׁ לֶאֱסֹר לְכַתְּחִלָּה (כֵּן מַשְׁמָע בְּאָרֹךְ כְּלָל ל"א). יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאָסוּר לַחְתּוֹת הָאֵשׁ תַּחַת קְדֵרָה שֶׁל עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, לְפִי שֶׁהֵם מְבַשְּׁלִים בָּהֶם פְּעָמִים חָלָב, פְּעָמִים בָּשָׂר, וְהַמְחַתֶּה תַּחַת קְדֵרָה שֶׁלָּהֶם בָּא לִידֵי בִּשּׁוּל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב (הַגָּהַת מָרְדְּכַי פ' הַצְלָמִים). עוֹד כָּתְבוּ דְּאֵין לְעָרֵב מַיִם שֶׁהֵדִיחוּ בָּהֶם כְּלִי בָּשָׂר עִם מַיִם שֶׁהֵדִיחוּ בָּהֶם כְּלֵי חָלָב, וְלִתֵּן לִפְנֵי בְּהֵמָה, דַּאֲסוּרִים בַּהֲנָאָה (מהרי"ו). עוֹד כָּתְבוּ, דְּהַכְּלִי שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בּוֹ מַיִם לַחֲפִיפַת הָרֹאשׁ, אֵין לְשַׁמֵּשׁ בּוֹ, דְּעוֹשִׂין אוֹתָהּ מֵאֵפֶר שֶׁעַל הַכִּירָה וּרְגִילוּת הוּא לְהִתְעָרֵב שָׁם בָּשָׂר וְחָלָב. (מהרי"ל). וְלָכֵן יֵשׁ לֶאֱסֹר גַּם כֵּן לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִן הַקְּדֵרוֹת שֶׁל הַתַּנּוּרִים שֶׁבְּבֵית הַחֹרֶף, מִשּׁוּם דְּנִתָּזִים עֲלֵיהֶם לִפְעָמִים בָּשָׂר וְחָלָב מִן הַקְּדֵרוֹת שֶׁמְּבַשְּׁלִים בַּתַּנּוּרִים (מהרי"ו). וּבְדִיעֲבַד אֵין לָחוּשׁ בְּכָּל זֶה. וְאַף לְכַתְּחִלָּה אֵין בָּזֶה אֶלָּא חֻמְרוֹת בְּעָלְמָא, וְהַמֵּקֵל לֹא הִפְסִיד.
6 A person who [Cooks meat and milk together by] smoking and or cooking in the hot springs of Tiberius does not receive lashes for transgressing a lav. Similarly,cooking meat in "mai chalav" (milk water) or chalav maisa ("dead milk") or chalav zachar or cooking blood and milk together is exempt (from lashes) and one who eats it [milk cooked with blood] does not receive lashes for [transgressing the lav of] meat and milk. Rema: Chalav zachar is not called milk at all and if it fell into a pot of meat it would not be forbidden. However [if ]chalav maisa or mai chalav [fell into a pot of meat] the food is forbidden because they are comparable to milk. It is even forbidden to cook [chalav maisa or mai chalav with meat] initially. There are those who say that it is forbidden to stoke the fire under the pot of a non-Jew because they use the same pot sometimes to cook milk and sometimes to cook meat. Therefore by stoking the fire under the non-Jew’s pot one may come to cook meat and milk [together]. Furthermore, one should not mix together the water that was used for washing milk dishes with water that was used to wash meat dishes and then give it to an animal because the water becomes forbidden for use. And furthermore, the container that is used to make shampoo should not be used [for anything else] because the ashes on the stove that are used to make shampoo are mixed with milk and meat. Therefore it is forbidden to use the pots that are usually on the stoves in the winter lodges because sometimes milk and meat splash on them from the cooking going on in the oven itself. After the fact, we do not worry about the above laws, and furthermore even initially they are only a chumra b’alma (stringency of the world). One who is lenient will not lose.
ז הַמְּבַשֵּׁל שְׁלִיל בְּחָלָב, חַיָּב. וְכֵן הָאוֹכְלוֹ. אֲבָל הַמְּבַשֵּׁל שִׁלְיָא, אוֹ עוֹר וְגִידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת וְעִקְּרֵי קַרְנַיִם וּטְלָפַיִם הָרַכִּים, פָּטוּר. וְכֵן הָאוֹכְלָם, פָּטוּר.
7 One who cooks an embryo in milk is liable, and one who eats them cooked together is liable. But cooking the placenta, skin, tendons, bones, ikari karnaim (The part of the horn that is found below the skin),or soft hooves [in milk] is exempt [from the Torah] and one who eats them is exempt.
ח יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר, דְּנַסְיוּבֵי דַּחֲלָבָא (פי' חָלָב הַמִּתְמַצֶה מִקִפְאוֹן הַגְּבִינָה), אֵינָם בִּכְּלָל מֵי חָלָב, וְאָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה. אֶלָּא מֵי חָלָב הַיְנוּ אַחַר שֶׁעוֹשִׂים הַגְּבִינוֹת מְבַשְּׁלִים הַנַּסְיוּבֵי, וְהָאֹכֶל צָף מִלְּמַעְלָה, וְלֹא נִשְׁאָר בּוֹ אֶלָּא מַיִם בְּעָלְמָא. זֶהוּ הַנִּקְרָא מֵי חָלָב.
8 There are those that say that the whey of the milk (meaning the milk that's extracted from the curdled cheese) is not included in [the category] of "milk water" and it is forbidden from the torah. Rather, this is what "milk water" is: after they make the cheese they cook the whey, and the foodstuff floats to the top, and the only thing that's left is mere water; this is what's called "milk water".
ט חָלָב הַנִּמְצָא בַּקֵּבָה, אֵינוֹ חָלָב, וּמֻתָּר לְבַשֵּׁל בּוֹ בָּשָׂר אֲפִלּוּ בַּצָּלוּל שֶׁבָּהּ (טוּר בְּשֵׁם רִי"ף וְרַמְבַּ"ם). וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹסֵר, (תוס' ורא"ש ור"ת ורשב"א ור"ן) וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין.
9 Milk that was found in the stomach [of the animal] is not called milk, and it is permitted to cook meat in it, even in the liquidy part. And there are those that forbid it, (Tosfos, Rosh, Rabbeinu Tam, Rashba and Ran)and so is our custom.
י חָלָב הַנִּמְצָא בַּקֵּבָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה אֵין לְהִנִּיחוֹ בַּקֵּבָה עַד שֶׁיִּצְטַּנֵּן הֶחָלָב בְּתוֹךְ הַקֵּבָה (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל י"ח בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שִׂמְחָה וְהַגָּהַת אֲשֵׁרִי), אֲבָל בְּדִיעֲבַד אֵין לָחוּשׁ עַד שֶׁנִּמְלַח בְּקֵבָתָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁעָמַד בּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, אָסוּר לְהַעֲמִיד בּוֹ. הַגָּה: וְאִם הֶעֱמִיד בּוֹ, אִם הוּא הַצָּלוּל אוֹסֵר כָּל הַגְּבִינוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא ס' בֶּחָלָב שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד נֶגֶד הַקֵּבָה הָאֲסוּרָה. וְאִם הָיָה ס' בֶּחָלָב, הַכֹּל מֻתָּר. וְאִם הָיָה הַקֵּבָה קְרוּשָׁה, אֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת כְּלוּם, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הָיָה ס' בֶּחָלָב נֶגֶד הַקֵּבָה. (לְדַעַת רַבֵּנוּ תָּם). וְאִם הָיָה הַקֵּבָה צָלוּל מִתְּחִלָּה, וְנִקְרַשׁ, יֵשׁ לוֹ דִּין צָלוּל (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַשְׁבָּ"א וּבְשֵׁם הַפּוֹסְקִים). וְיֵשׁ מְקִלִּין בְּזֶה (ש"ד בְּבֵית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הַמָּרְדְּכַי), וּבִמְקוֹם הֶפְסֵד יֵשׁ לְהָקֵל. עוֹר הַקֵּבָה, לִפְעָמִים מוֹלְחִים אוֹתוֹ וּמְיַבְּשִׁין אוֹתוֹ, וְנַעֲשֶׂה כְּעֵץ, וּמְמַלְּאִים אוֹתוֹ חָלָב, מֻתָּר; דְּמֵאַחַר שֶׁנִּתְיַבֵּשׁ הָוֵי כְּעֵץ בְּעָלְמָא, וְאֵין בּוֹ לַחְלוּחִית בָּשָׂר (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם שִׁבּוֹלֵי לֶקֶט).
10 Milk that was found in the stomach [of the animal] from the outset one should not leave it in the stomach until the milk that's in the stomach cools off, but after the fact, there is nothing to worry about until it was salted in the stomach, or it stood in it for a full day, [then] it is forbidden to curdle milk with it. Rema: And if one did curdle milk with it, if it was liquidy, the entire cheese is forbidden unless there was sixty times the amount of [permitted] milk that one made curdled with against the forbidden [milk] from the stomach. And if there was sixty times the milk it is all permitted. And if the [milk in] the stomach was solidified, it does not forbid [the cheese] at all even if there wasn't sixty times the [permitted] milk against the [milk in] the stomach. And if the [milk in] the stomach was liquidy at first and became solidified, it has the law of liquidy [milk]. And there are those that are lenient in this matter, and in a case of monetary loss, there is room to be lenient. The skin of the stomach, sometimes they salt it and dry it out and it becomes like wood and they fill it with milk, [in this case the milk is] permitted, since after it was dried out it is like mere wood, and it has no moisture of the meat in it.
יא אִם הֶעֱמִיד גְּבִינָה בְּעוֹר קֵבַת כְּשֵׁרָה, יֵשׁ בָּהּ טַעַם בָּשָׂר, אֲסוּרָה. וְאִם לָאו, מֻתֶּרֶת. אֲבָל הַמַּעֲמִיד בְּעוֹר קֵבַת נְבֵלָה, וּטְרֵפָה, וּבְהֵמָה טְמֵאָה, אוֹסֵר בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. הַגָּה: מִשּׁוּם דְּדָבָר הָאָסוּר בְּעַצְמוֹ, וּמַעֲמִיד, אֲפִלּוּ בְּאֶלֶף לֹא בָּטִיל (כ"כ בֵּית יוֹסֵף לְדַעַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א וְהָרַ"ן). וְדַוְקָא שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה שָׁם מַעֲמִיד אַחֵר, רַק הָאָסוּר, אֲבָל אִם הָיָה שָׁם גַּם כֵּן מַעֲמִיד הֶתֵּר, הָוֵי זֶה וָזֶה גּוֹרֵם, וּמֻתָּר אִם אִכָּא ס' נֶגֶד הָאָסוּר (מִמַּשְׁמָעוּת הַמָּרְדְּכַי).
11 If one curdled cheese in the skin of the kosher stomach, if there is the taste of meat in it, it is forbidden, and if not, it is permitted. But if one curdled in the skin of the stomach of an invalidly slaughtered animal or an invalid animal or a non-kosher animal, it is forbidden with any amount. Rema: Because something that's intrinsically forbidden, and one [used it] to curdle milk, even in a thousand parts it's not nullified. And this is precisely if there was nothing else that was used to curdle except the forbidden item, but if there was something else that is permitted that was used to curdle, then both this and that caused it [to curdle] and it would be permitted if there was sixty times [the permitted] against the forbidden.
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