Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah Siman 94

Siman 94

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א הַתּוֹחֵב כַּף חוֹלֶבֶת בִּקְדֵרָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר, אוֹ אִיפְּכָא, מְשַׁעֲרִים בְּכָל מַה שֶּׁנִּתְחַב מִמֶּנּוּ בַּקְּדֵרָה אִם הַכַּף בֶּן יוֹמוֹ דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁשִּׁמְּשׁוּ בּוֹ בִּכְלִי רִאשׁוֹן תּוֹךְ מֵעֵת לְעֵת. (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל ל"ז). וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁאִם הַכַּף שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, מְשַׁעֲרִים בְּכֻלּוֹ, מִשּׁוּם דְּחַם מִקְצָתוֹ חַם כֻּלּוֹ. וּסְבָרָא רִאשׁוֹנָה עִקָּר, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין (מָרְדְּכַי וש"ד וְהַגָּהוֹתָיו וְאָרֹךְ) וְע"ל סי' צ"ח.

1 If one inserts a dairy spoon into a meat pot, or the opposite, we measure against all [the portion of the spoon] that was inserted into the pot (food itself) if the spoon was a ben yomo which is that it was used with a primary vessel [of heat] in the last 24 hours. And there are those who say that if the spoon is metal that we measure using the entire spoon because if part of it gets hot the entire thing gets hot. And the first opinion is the main one, and so too is our custom, and see above in chapter 98.

ב אִם תָּחַב הַכַּף בַּקְּדֵרָה שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים, וְלֹא נוֹדַע בֵּינְתַיִם, צָרִיךְ ב' פְּעָמִים שִׁשִּׁים. (וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּסָגֵי בְּפַעַם א' שִׁשִּׁים, וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִים (תְּרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן סִימָן קפ"ג וְהַגָּהוֹת שַׁעֲרִי דּוּרָא וְאָרֹךְ).

2 If one inserted a spoon into a cooking vessel two times and did not know in the meantime, they need 60 times twice (the amount of food versus the spoon). There are those who say that it is sufficient to have 60 times (the amount) once. This is the custom.

ג אִם יֵשׁ ס' לְבַטֵּל הַכַּף, הַקְּדֵרָה וְהַתַּבְשִׁיל מֻתָּרִים אֲבָל הַכַּף אָסוּר, בֵּין עִם בָּשָׂר בֵּין עִם חָלָב, לְפִי שֶׁהִיא בְּלוּעָה מִבָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב. וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּדִיעֲבַד אוֹסֶרֶת, אִם חָזְרוּ וּתְחָבוּהָ, בֵּין בְּבָשָׂר בֵּין בְּחָלָב, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בַּת יוֹמָא. וְאִם אֵין ס', הַכֹּל אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה, אֲפִלּוּ הַקְּדֵרָה, אַךְ מֻתָּר לָתֵת לְתוֹכָהּ פֵּרוֹת אוֹ צוֹנֵן, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶהֱנֶה מִגּוּף הָאִסוּר.

3 If there is 60 times [the volume displacement of the spoon in the food] to negate [the taste in] the spoon, the vessel and the food are permitted but the spoon is prohibited, whether [the] spoon [is a] meat [spoon] or [a] dairy [spoon], since it [the spoon] has absorbed [the prohibited taste of] meat and milk. And even ex post facto it [the spoon] is prohibited, if one inserts [the spoon] again [into the food], whether in meat or in dairy, the entire time [that] it [the spoon] has been used within the past 24 hours. And if there is not 60 times [the volume displacement of the spoon in the food], everything [the spoon, the food, and the vessel] is prohibited [and one is prohibited] from deriving benefit [from the spoon, the food, or the vessel], even the vessel, although it is permitted to place within it [the vessel] fruits or cold [food items], since they do not benefit [i.e., absorb taste] from the prohibited body [i.e., the prohibited vessel].

ד אִם אֵין הַכַּף בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, הַקְּדֵרָה וְהַתַּבְשִׁיל מֻתָּרִים וְהַכַּף אָסוּר לְכַתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין עִם בָּשָׂר בֵּין עִם חָלָב. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּדִיעֲבַד אֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בַּת יוֹמָא.

4 If the spoon has not been used in the past 24 hours, the vessel and the food are permitted and the spoon is prohibited a priori, whether with meat or with dairy. Nevertheless, ex post facto, it [the spoon] is not prohibited, since it has not been used within the past 24 hours.

ה אִם בִּשְּׁלוּ מַיִם בִּקְדֵרָה חֲדָשָׁה וְתָחֲבוּ בָּהּ כַּף חוֹלֶבֶת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ חָזְרוּ וּבִשְּׁלוּ בָּהּ מַיִם פַּעַם אַחֶרֶת וְתָחֲבוּ בָּהּ כַּף שֶׁל בָּשָׂר, וּשְׁתֵּי הַכַּפּוֹת הָיוּ בְּנֵי יוֹמָן וּבְשׁוּם אֶחָד מֵהַפְּעָמִים לֹא הָיָה בַּמַּיִם שִׁשִּׁים, אָסוּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּקְּדֵרָה לֹא בָּשָׂר וְלֹא חָלָב, אֲבָל שְׁאָר דְּבָרִים מֻתָּר לְבַשֵּׁל, מֵאַחַר שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲדָשָׁה שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְּׁלוּ בָּהּ מֵעוֹלָם. הַגָּה: מִיהוּ אִם עָבַר וּבִשֵּׁל בָּהּ בָּשָׂר אוֹ חָלָב, מֻתָּר, דְּהָוֵי נוֹתֵן טַעַם בַּר נוֹתֵן טַעַם (הַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"ט). קְדֵרָה שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוּ בָּהּ יְרָקוֹת אוֹ מַיִם וְתָחֲבוּ בָּהּ כַּף בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, וְהַקְּדֵרָה אֵינָהּ בַּת יוֹמָא, אוֹ לְהֵפֶךְ, אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בַּמַּאֲכָל שִׁשִּׁים, הַכֹּל שָׁרֵי. (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל ל"ז), וְנוֹהֲגִין לְהַחֲמִיר לֶאֱכֹל הַמַּאֲכָל כְּמִין הַכְּלִי שֶׁהוּא בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, וְלֶאֱסֹר הַכְּלִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בֶּן יוֹמוֹ וְאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא חֻמְרָא בְּעָלְמָא, כִּי מִדִּינָא הַכֹּל שָׁרֵי.

5 If one cooks water in a new pot and dips a dairy spoon into it, and thereafter returns and cooks water again [in the pot] and dips a meat spoon into it, and both spoons had been used within the past 24 hours and neither time was there 60 times in the water against the spoons, it is prohibited to use the pot for either meat or dairy, but it is permitted to cook other [i.e., pareve] things [in the pot] {?} Rema: However, if one proceeds to cook in the pot meat or dairy, it is permitted, since it is a case of secondary transfer of taste (Hagos Maimoni 8:9 {ch. 9?}). A pot in which one cooks vegetables or water and into which one dips a spoon which has been used within the past 24 hours, and the pot has not been used within the past 24 hours, or the opposite [i.e., the spoon has not been used within the past 24 hours and the pot has been used within the past 24 hours], or there is 60 times within the food [against either the spoon or the pot, respectively], everything is permitted. (Aruch, rule 37), It is our custom to be strict to eat the food that is within a vessel that has been used within the past 24 hours, and to prohibit the vessel that has not been used within the past 24 hours but this is only a stringency, according to the letter of the law, all of these cases are permitted.

ו בְּצָלִים אוֹ יְרָקוֹת שֶׁבְּלוּעִים מִבָּשָׂר וּבִשְּׁלָם בִּקְדֵרָה חוֹלֶבֶת, אִם יָדוּעַ כַּמָּה בָּשָׂר בָּלוּעַ בַּבְּצָלִים וּבַיְּרָקוֹת, אֵין צָרִיךְ ס' אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד הַבָּשָׂר. הַגָּה: דְּלֹא שַׁיָּךְ לוֹמַר חֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה, הוֹאִיל וַעֲדַיִן כֻּלּוֹ הֶתֵּר, וְלָכֵן אֵין צָרִיךְ לְשַׁעֵר רַק נֶגֶד מַה שֶּׁבָּלַע. וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בִּקְדֵרָה שֶׁל חָלָב שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוּ בָּהּ מַיִם תּוֹךְ מֵעֵת לְעֵת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בִּשְּׁלוּ בָּהּ בָּשָׂר, לֹא אָמְרִינָן דְּצָרִיךְ לְשַׁעֵר נֶגֶד כָּל הַמַּיִם, רַק נֶגֶד הֶחָלָב שֶׁבָּלְעָה הַקְּדֵרָה. (מִמַּשְׁמָעוּת הַטּוּר וּבֵית יוֹסֵף).

6 Onions or vegetables that have absorbed meat taste and one cooks them in a dairy pot, if one knows how much meat [taste has been] absorbed by the onions and the vegetables, one only needs 60 times against the [taste of] meat [in the onions and the vegetables]. Rema: It is not appropriate to say [that the onions and vegetables] are inherently, entirely not kosher; they are still entirely kosher, and similarly one only needs to [have 60 times] against that which was absorbed [by the onions and the vegetables]. The same applies to a dairy pot in which one cooks water within the past 24 hours, and thereafter cooks [in the pot] meat, one does not say that it is necessary to have 60 times against all of the water, only against the dairy that was absorbed by the pot. (From that which is implied by the Tur and Beis Yosef).

ז בָּשָׂר רוֹתֵחַ שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ בְּסַכִּין חוֹלֶבֶת, כָּל הַחֲתִיכָה אֲסוּרָה אִם אֵין בָּהּ שִׁשִּׁים כְּנֶגֶד מְקוֹם הַסַכִּין שֶׁחָתַךְ הַבָּשָׂר. אֲבָל אִם אֵינוֹ בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, אוֹ אִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר אֶלָּא כְּדֵי קְלִפָּה. הַגָּה: וְכָל זֶה בְּבָשָׂר רוֹתֵחַ בִּכְלִי רִאשׁוֹן, וְאָז אִם הַסַּכִּין בֶּן יוֹמוֹ וְאֵין ס' בַּבָּשָׂר נֶגֶד הַסַּכִּין הַכֹּל אָסוּר, וְאַף הַסַּכִּין צָרִיךְ הַגְעָלָה. אֲבָל אִם הוּא כְּלִי שֵׁנִי, הַבָּשָׂר צָרִיךְ קְלִיפָה; וְהַסַּכִּין, נְעִיצָה בַּקַּרְקַע (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל ל"ו), וְכֵן נוֹהֲגִין. וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵין הַסַּכִּין בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, יֵשׁ לִקְלֹף הַבָּשָׂר מְעַט מִשּׁוּם שַׁמְנוּנִית הַסַּכִּין (טוּר וּבֵית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם סמ"ק).

7 Hot meat that one has sliced with a dairy knife, all of the slices are prohibited if there is not 60 times [in the meat] against the place on the knife that sliced the meat. But if [the knife] has not been used within the past 24 hours, the slice is not prohibited except for a thin, outer layer. Rema: All of this applies to meat cooked in primary vessel, further if the knife has been used within the past 24 hours and there is not 60 times in the meat against the knife, all [of the meat] is prohibited, further the knife requires [kashering by] immersion in boiling water. But if the meat is in a secondary vessel, a thin, outer layer needs to be removed from the meat; and the knife [requires kashering by] inserting it into the ground ten times (Aruch, rule 36), and this is the custom. And even if the knife is has not been used within the past 24 hours, there are those who remove a thin, outer layer from the meat a little bit because of fatty material of [on] the knife (Tur and Beis Yosef in the name of the Sefer Mitzvos Katan).

ח אִם נָפַל לַתַּנּוּר פנאד"ש גְּבִינָה, אֲפִלּוּ לָחָה, וְכֵן גְּבִינָה חַמָּה בְּקַעֲרַת בָּשָׂר בַּת יוֹמָא, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר אֶלָּא כְּדֵי קְלִפָּה.

8 If cheese falls on a meat pastry in the oven, even wet, and similarly hot cheese in a meat pot that has been used within the past 24 hours, only a thin, outer layer is prohibited.

ט בִּשְּׁלוּ דְּבַשׁ בְּמַחֲבַת שֶׁל בָּשָׂר בַּת יוֹמָא וְהֱרִיקוּהוּ חַם בִּקְעָרָה שֶׁל חָלָב בַּת יוֹמָא, מֻתָּר, מִשּׁוּם דְּהָוֵי נוֹתֵן טַעַם בַּר נוֹתֵן טַעַם דְּהֶתֵּרָא.

9 [If] one cooks honey in a meat pan that has been used within the past 24 hours and empties it [the honey] warm into a dairy vessel that has been used within the past 24 hours, [the honey] is permitted, because this is a case of the secondary transfer of taste between two permitted things [i.e., kosher meat and kosher dairy].

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