Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer Siman 173

Siman 173

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א הַיְבָמָה שֶׁהִיא עֶרְוָה לַיָּבָם בְּאִסוּר כָּרֵת, חוּץ מִן הַנִּדָּה, אֵינָהּ זְקוּקָה לַיָּבָם, וּמֻתֶּרֶת לְזָר בְּלֹא חֲלִיצָה, וְכֵן צָרוֹתֶיהָ פְּטוּרוֹת מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמֵהַיִּבּוּם. וְאִם הָיָה לוֹ אָח אַחֵר, וְאַחַת מִצָּרוֹתֶיהָ נִתְיַבְּמָה לְאוֹתוֹ אָח, וְלוֹ נָשִׁים אֲחֵרוֹת, וּמֵת, כֻּלָּן פְּטוּרוֹת מֵחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּבּוּם. וְאִם הָיָה לוֹ עוֹד אָח אַחֵר, וְאַחַת מֵהַנָּשִׁים אֵלּוּ נִתְיַבְּמָה לוֹ, וְלוֹ נָשִׁים אֲחֵרוֹת, וּמֵת, כֻּלָּן פְּטוּרוֹת מֵהַחֲלִיצָה וּמֵהַיִבּוּם. וְכֵן עַד עוֹלָם:

1 A female obligated in Yibum (Levirate marriage) who is a forbidden sexual partner (lit. nakedness) to a male obligated in Yibum with a prohibition of excommunication, except for a menstruating woman who has not ritually purified herself, are not in need of performing Yibum, and are permitted to someone else (lit. stranger) without Chalitza (ceremony releasing woman from obligation to marry brother-in-law), and other wives in her widow's marriage are exempt from Yibum and Chalitza. And if he had another brother, and one of his other wives performed Yibum to the same brother, and this brother has other wives, and dies, all of them are exempt from Chalitza and Yibum. And if he had yet another brother, and one of these wives had performed Yibum to him, and this brother has other wives, and dies, they are all exempt from Chalitza and from Yibum. And so unto forever.

ב אֲבָל אִם אַחַת מִכָּל הָעֲרָיוֹת נְשׂוּאָה לְזָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אָחִיו, וּמֵת, מֻתָּר לִשָּׂא צָרָתָהּ:

2 But if one of all of the Arayot (forbidden sexual partners) is married to another man (lit. foreign) who is not her brother(in-law), and he dies, it is permitted to marry his other wife.

ג יְבָמָה שֶׁהִיא סְפֵק עֶרְוָה עַל בַּעְלָהּ, אוֹ סְפֵק עֶרְוָה עַל הַיָּבָם, הֲרֵי זוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. לְפִיכָךְ, מִי שֶׁקִּדֵּשׁ אִשָּׁה בִּסְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָחִיו שֶׁהָיָה נוֹשֵׂא אֲחוֹתָהּ, וְנָפְלָה לוֹ לְיִבּוּם, שֶׁהִיא סְפֵק אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי זוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, וּמוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְּגֵט מִסָפֵק, וּשְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת עָלָיו; יְבִמְתּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סְפֵק עֶרְוָה; וַאֲרוּסָתוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סְפֵק קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ:

3 A woman required to perform Yibum (Levirate Marriage) who is possibly a forbidden sexual partner (lit. doubt of nakedness) to her husband, or is possibly a forbidden sexual partner on her brother-in-law (lit. one with whom she is required to perfrom Yibum), behold she performs Chalitza (ceremony exempting one from performing Yibum) and does not perform Yibum. Therefore, he who betroths a woman where is a doubt if their marriage took effect, and afterward the brother dies who married his sister, and he performed (lit. fell into) Yibum, that there is a doubt she is the sister of his wife, here she performs Chalitza and not Yibum, and gives (lit. brings) his wife a Get (writ of divorce) from doubt, and the two of them are prohibited to him; and in his death, because she is possibly a forbidden sexual partner; and his fiancee, because she is possibly a relative of someone he must perform Chalitza with.

ד הָיְתָה הַיְבָמָה בְּאִסוּר עֶרְוָה עַל הַבַּעַל, אֵינָהּ אִשְׁתּוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה לָהּ צָרָה, חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. וְזוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה לַבַּעַל בְּאִסוּר עֶרְוָה, הִיא לַיָּבָם כְּמוֹ אִשָּׁה דְּעָלְמָא, וּמֻתָּר בָּהּ:

4 If [the woman who fell to] yibbum had been [married to] a husband who was forbidden to her because of erva [sexually improper relationship], she was not his wife. If she had a rival wife [from her first marriage], they must have chalitza or yibbim. In the situation of her having been [married to] a husband who was forbidden to her because of erva [and he dies], she is to her levirate association as a regular woman who is permitted to him.

ה הָיְתָה הַיְבָמָה סְפֵק עֶרְוָה עַל הַבַּעַל, אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:

5 she was a female who is required to perform Yibum (Levirate marriage) and was possibly a forbidden sexual partner to her husband; she either performs Chalitza (ceremony exempting one from performing Yibum) or performs Yibum.

ו יְבָמָה שֶׁהִיא סְפֵק עֶרְוָה לַיָּבָם, וְהָיָה לְאָחִיו בָּהּ סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין אוֹ סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין, וְלוֹ אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, אוֹתָהּ הַצָּרָה חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:

6 A [woman who falls to] yibbum where she is possibly an erva to her levirate association, and his brother had with her a doubtful kiddushin or a doubtful divorce, and he has another wife, her rival wives should have chalitza and not yibbum.

ז הָיָה אָחִיו נָשׂוּי אִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא עֶרְוָה לַיָּבָם, וְלוֹ עוֹד אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵתָה הָעֶרְוָה בְּחַיֵּי בַּעְלָהּ, אוֹ גֵּרְשָׁהּ, אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה קְטַנָּה וּמֵאֲנָה בּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת, מֻתֶּרֶת צָרָתָהּ לְהִתְיַבֵּם. אֲבָל אִם לֹא מֵאֲנָה בּוֹ בְּחַיָּיו, וּמֵאֲנָה בּוֹ אַחַר מוֹתוֹ, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:

7 If someone's brother was married to a sexually inappropriate female who had undergone levirate marriage, and he [the first man] had another wife, and afterwards the sexually inappropriate woman dies during the life of her husband, or she divorces him, or there was a young child that she objected to having that died afterwards, it is allowed for the other woman to undergo levirate marriage. But if she doesn't object to it in his life, and she objects after his death, than she does Chalitza (a way to get out of levirate marriage) instead of levirate marriage.

ח סָפֵק אִם אוֹתָהּ שֶׁהִיא עֶרְוָה לַיָּבָם מֵתָה בְּחַיֵּי הַבַּעַל אוֹ אַחַר מוֹתוֹ, צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת:

8 It is doubtful whether it is Lewd to perform levirate marriage when the husband is dying or after his death, The wife is divorced [from the brother through chalitza] and no levirate marriage is preformed.

ט יְבָמָה שֶׁהִיא עֶרְוָה לַיָּבָם וְהִיא אַיְלוֹנִית, אֲפִלּוּ הִכִּיר בָּהּ בַּעְלָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְּמִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ, וְצָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. וְאִם יִבֵּם הַצָּרָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיָה סָבוּר שֶׁהָעֶרְוָה אַיְלוֹנִית, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְצֵאת שֶׁאֵינָהּ אַיְלוֹנִית, תֵּצֵא מִיבָמָהּ בְּלֹא גֵּט, וְהַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר:

9 a yevamah that is a forbidden to preform levirate marriage but she is childless, even if it is know she already had relations, behold its like she has not, and she is either divorced or levirate marriage is preformed. And if levirate marriage is preformed on the woman because she was thought to be a forbidden woman who is childless, and afterwards it found that she is not childless, she will subject to the levirate marriage and she will give birth to mamzariem

י נִשֵּׂאת הַצָּרָה לְזָר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיְתָה סְבוּרָה שֶׁאֵין הָעֶרְוָה אַיְלוֹנִית, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְצֵאת אַיְלוֹנִית, תֵּצֵא מֵהַבַּעַל בְּגֵט, וּבַחֲלִיצָה מֵהַיָּבָם לְהַתִּירָהּ. וְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה לֹא נִשֵּׂאת לְזָר, אֶלָּא נִתְקַדְּשָׁה לוֹ בִּלְבַד, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם:

10 [in a case where one's] brother's wife becomes betrothed another man, because she was thought that there that she does not have the status of a barren woman [i.e. she had children already] and afterwards it is found out that she was childless, you will go and give her a get, or nullify the mitzva of yibum [by preforming chalitza] to permit her [to be with her new husband]. If she was not betrothed to the other man, only engaged to him, its permitted to preform levirite marriage.

יא מִי שֶׁזִּנְּתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ תַּחְתָּיו בְּעֵדִים וּבְרָצוֹן, וּמֵת בְּלֹא זֶרַע, וְנָפְלָה לִפְנֵי אָחִיו, דִּינָהּ כְּדִין עֶרְוָה, וְהִיא וְצָרָתָהּ פְּטוּרוֹת מֵהַחֲלִיצָה וּמֵהַיִּבּוּם, אֲבָל אִם סָפֵק זִנְּתָה אִם לָאו, הִיא חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, וְצָרָתָהּ, אוֹ חוֹלֶצֶת אוֹ מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּאֲפִלּו זִנְּתָה וַדַּאי, צְרִיכָה חֲלִיצָה (הַשָּׂגוֹת הָרַאֲבַ"ד), וְהוּא הַדִּין לְצָרָתָהּ, וְיֵשׁ לְהַחֲמִיר. וְלָכֵן, מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אִשָּׁה שֶׁהֵמִירָה, אַף עַל גַּב דְּוַדַּאי זִנְּתָה, צָרָתָהּ צְרִיכָה חֲלִיצָה (מָרְדְּכַי רֵישׁ יְבָמוֹת וְכ"כ מהרא"י סִימָן רי"ט). אִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וְנִשֵּׂאת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא הַבַּעַל וּמֵת, צָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִתְיַבֵּם, וְאֵינָהּ כְּצָרַת סוֹטָה (הַגָּהוֹת אַלְפָסִי פֶּרֶק הָאִשָּׁה):

11 one who's wife committed adultery while still married with witnesses to testify that she did it willingly, and he [the husband] dies and she is now in falls to the brother [halachically], it has the status of a forbidden relationship, and the wife is free from chalitza and levirite marriage. But if it is doubtful if she committed adultery or she didnt, she requires chalitza or levirite marriage. Rema: there are those that say even if it is certain she committed adultery, she requires chalitza, this is the rule in regard to another's wife, and there is what to be strict upon [in this regard]. Therefore, whoever has a wife that converted [to another religion] even though it is certain that she committed adultery, the other wife requires chalitza. woman who's husband goes overseas, and marries [another man] and afterwards the husband arrives [back] and he dies, its permissible to preform levirite marriage, and its not like the sister-in-law is a sotah.

יב אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְּעוֹלָמוֹ, הֲרֵי הִיא אֵשֶׁת אָח שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם מִצְוָה, וּפוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. כֵּיצַד, רְאוּבֵן שֶׁמֵּת, וְנָפְלָה אִשְׁתּוֹ לִפְנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן אָחִיו, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹלַד לֵוִי אָחִיו, בֵּין שֶׁנּוֹלַד קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּבֵּם שִׁמְעוֹן אֵשֶׁת רְאוּבֵן, בֵּין שֶׁנּוֹלַד אַחַר שֶׁיִּבְּמָה, וּמֵת שִׁמְעוֹן, אֲסוּרָה עַל לֵוִי לְעוֹלָם. וְאִם הָיָה לְשִׁמְעוֹן אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, גַּם הִיא פְּטוּרָה מֵחֲלִיצָה וּמֵהַיִּבּוּם, וּפוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ וְצָרַת צָרָתָהּ עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם, כְּדִין צָרַת עֶרְוָה. וְאִם מֵת שִׁמְעוֹן, אֲפִלּוּ קֹדֶם שֶׁעָשָׂה בָּהּ מַאֲמָר, אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְעוֹן חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, מִשּׁוּם דְּכֵיוָן דְּקַיְמָא לָן יֵשׁ זִקָּה, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא עָשָׂה מַאֲמָר הֲוָה לֵהּ כְּצָרַת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְּעוֹלָמוֹ:

12 The wife of a brother who did not live at the same time is considered as the wife of a brother in the absence of any mitzva (of levirate marriage), and she also relieves her co-wife from any levirate bond. How? Reuven passed away, and his wife fell to Shimon in levirate marraige, and Levi was subsequently born (after Reuven's death), whether before or after the levirate marriage, and then Shimon died, she (Reuven's wife) is forever forbidden to Levi. If Shimon had another wife, she is also released from chalitza and from levirate marriage, and in turn frees her co-wife and her co-wife's co-wife and so on, as is the law with any other co-wife of a woman forbidden to undergo levirate marriage because of ervah. However, if Shimon died even before he gave her "maamar" (money showing intent to consummate levirate marriage), the wife of Shimon undergoes chalitza but may not undergo levirate marriage to Levi, because we have establisehd that there is a levirate bond even when he did not give maamar, and therefore there is still an element of being the co-wife to the widow of a brother (Reuven) who was not in the same world (did not live at the same time).

יג קְטַנָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה נְשׂוּאָה לְאָחִיו מֵאִמּוֹ [לַאֲחִי אִמּוֹ] שֶׁהִיא שְׁנִיָּה לוֹ, וּמֵת, וְנִשְׁאַר וּנְשָׂאָה אָחִיו מֵאָבִיו, וּמֵת, וְנָפְלָה לְפָנָיו לְיִבּוּם וְעוֹדֶנָּה קְטַנָּה, אֵין אוֹמְרִים תְּמָאֵן, לַעֲקֹר נִשּׂוּאִין הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּתְיַבֵּם, אֶלָּא צָרָתָהּ חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת, שֶׁאַף הִיא חוֹלֶצֶת אִם תְּמָאֵן:

13 a female minor was married to the brother from her mother [the mother's brother, the girl's uncle] and she is [married to her uncle] for a moment, and he dies, and remains or she marries the brother from her father's side, and he [the brother from the father's side] dies, and she falls to the brother-in-law while she is still a minor, they [beis din?] don't say you will refuse [to marry her], to uproot the marriage of the original brother-in-law, in order that levirite marriage will be preformed] rather the other wife [making reference to the minor in this case] has chalitza preformed and not levirite marriage, that is if she refuses [levirite marriage]...

יד קְטַנָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֶרְוָה עָלָיו, וּמֵת, וּמֵאֲנָה הַקְּטַנָּה בַּיָּבָם, אֲסוּרָה לוֹ וּמֻתֶּרֶת לְזָר בְּלֹא חֲלִיצָה, אִם אֵין שָׁם אַחִים אֲחֵרִים. וְדַוְקָא הִיא, אֲבָל צָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת לוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ הִיא מֻתֶּרֶת לִשְׁאָר אַחִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵאֲנָה בָּהֶם:

14 a minor female that is not forbidden for him marry, and he dies, or she refuses the preformance levirite marriage [with a brother of the husband], she is forbidden to the brother-in-law [in this case] and permitted to others without chalitza, if there are no other brothers [than the one]. and specifically her [the widow of the deceased], but her sister is permitted to him, even she is permitted to the remainder of brothers that she did not refuse [for the performance of levirite marriage].

טו הָיוּ לְאָחִיו בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ סְפֵק גֵּרוּשִׁין, וְנָפְלָה לְפָנָיו לְיִבּוּם, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה לְאָחִיו סְפֵק קִדּוּשִׁין, הֲרֵי זוֹ יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְיַבֵּם:

15 [in a case where] one who's brother's wife is suspected she was divorced from him, he preforms chalitza and no levirite marriage is preformed. But if it was [a case of] doubtful they were married [in the first place, certainly [in] this [case] his is able to preform levirite marriage.

טז הַמְגָרֵשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ גְּדוֹלָה, אוֹ קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאוּהָ אָחֶיהָ, וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, וּמֵת, וְנָפְלָה לִפְנֵי יָבָם, מֻתֶּרֶת לוֹ. אֲבָל קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָה אָבִיהָ, וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה בְּקַטְנוּתָהּ עַל יְדֵי אָבִיהָ, וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ וָמֵת בְּעוֹדָהּ קְטַנָּה, אֲסוּרָה לְיָבָם. וְכֵן הַדִּין בִּמְגָרֵשׁ הַפִּקַּחַת, וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה, וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, וּמֵת, וְהִיא חֵרֶשֶׁת; וּבֵין בָּזוֹ וּבֵין בָּזוֹ, צָרָתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִתְיַבֵּם:

16 The one who divorces his wife who is an adult or a minor that is too be married to his brother [after the divorce], and she returns [back to the to her original husband], and he [the husband] dies, she falls to the commitment of the brother-in-law [requiring levirite marriage], she is permitted to him [the brother-in-law]. But a minor that is married off by her father, and she is divorced [from her too be husband] through her father, and she returns [to her too be husband] and he dies[the now current husband] while she is still a minor, it is forbidden to preform levirite marriage. and is the case with a divorcee who is sharp-sighted,and does not listen to her husband, and she returns to her former husband, and he [the husband] dies, and she does not listen [she does not listen to anyone?]; whether this or this the other wife [of the dead husband] is permitted to the brother-in-law.

יז הֶחֱזִירָהּ כְּשֶׁהִיא קְטַנָּה אוֹ חֵרֶשֶׁת, וְגָדְלָה וְנִתְפַּקְּחָה אֶצְלוֹ, וּמֵת, מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִתְיַבֵּם. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם הֶחֱזִירָהּ אַחַר שֶׁגָּדְלָה אוֹ נִתְפַּקְּחָה:

17 The woman who returns [back to her house; in regard to a prenuptial marriage] when she is a minor or deaf [she wont listen to her husband], and she becomes an adult and regains her hearing and went [back] to him, and he dies [after she returns to her former husband] its permitted to preform levirite marriage. and its not necessary to say to her if she returns after she matures or regains her hearing [the laws of levirite marriage will apply]

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