Shulchan Aruch, Even HaEzer Siman 92

Siman 92

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א הַכּוֹתֵב אוֹ הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ בְּעוֹדָהּ אֲרוּסָה: "דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִּנְכָסַיִךְ", אִם מָכְרָה אוֹ נָתְנָה, קַיָּם. וְאֵין לוֹ בְּמָעוֹת הַמִּקָּח כְּלָל (הַגָּהוֹת אַלְפָסִי). וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא מָכְרָה וְלֹא נָתְנָה, הַבַּעַל אוֹכֵל הַפֵּרוֹת, וְאִם מֵתָה יוֹרְשָׁהּ. וְאִם כָּתַב לָהּ כֵּן אַחַר הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, צָרִיךְ לִקְנוֹת מִיָּדוֹ וְאָז יִהְיֶה מִכְרָהּ וּמַתְּנָתָהּ קַיָּם. הַגָּה: וְלָא מְהַנֵּי סִלּוּקוֹ אֶלָּא לְאַחַר אֵרוּסִין, אֲבָל קֹדֶם אֵרוּסִין לָא מְהַנֵּי סִלּוּק (רַ"ן רֵישׁ פֶּרֶק הַכּוֹתֵב וְרַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן תתק"ס):

1 If one wrote or said to his wife when they were still engaged, "I have no legal claim on your assets," and she sold or gave them, [the sale or claim] stands. And he has no interest in the cash of the deal (Alfasi notes). And as long as she had not sold or given [the assets], the husband enjoys the income of them, and if she dies he inherits from her. And if he wrote that to her after they were married, he must buy it from him, and then her sale and her gift stand. Rema: and he needed defray it unless it was after they were engaged, but if it was before they were engaged he does not have to defray it. (R'an, the beginning of the chapter HaKotev, and Rashba, paragraph 960).

ב אִם הִתְנָה בְּעוֹדָהּ אֲרוּסָה עַל נְכָסִים שֶׁיִּפְּלוּ לָהּ מִשֶּׁנִּשֵּׂאת שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לוֹ דִּין וּדְבָרִים בָּהֶם, מוֹעִיל. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל. הַגָּה: סִלֵּק עַצְמוֹ מִנְּכָסִים, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאֵין הַנְּכָסִים הַכְּתוּבִים בִּכְתֻבָּתָהּ בִּכְלָל (מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק הַכּוֹתֵב בְּשֵׁם רִיצְבָ"א); וַאֲפִלּוּ נְכָסִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ אַחַר כָּךְ אֵינוֹ בִּכְלָל (מַהֲרִי"ק שֹׁרֶשׁ י"ג), אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן פֵּרַשׁ בְּהֶדְיָא:

2 If she stipulates while still in erusin [engagement] that any propert that falls to her [in inheritance] once she gets married will not belong to him in law and practice, it takes effect. And some say it does not take effect. Rema: If he removes himself from those properties, some say the property is not written into her ketubah at all (Mordechai Perek Hakotev in the name of the Ritzb"a); and even property that falls to her [in inheritance] afterwards is not included (Mahrik root 13), unless explicitly stated.

ג כְּשֶׁאָמַר לָהּ בְּעוֹדָהּ אֲרוּסָה: דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִּנְכָסַיִךְ, אִם קָנוּ מִיָּדוֹ הֲרֵי סִלֵּק עַצְמוֹ מִגּוּף הַקַּרְקַע וְאֵין לוֹ בִּנְכָסֶיהָ פֵּרוֹת לְעוֹלָם. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁחוֹלֵק בָּזֶה:

3 If he says to her while she is still in erusin [engagement], "I will have no legal standing in your property," if they acquire it from his hand he has taken himself out of the body of the land and he only has the produce of the land ever. Some argue against that.

ד הוֹסִיף לְהַתְנוֹת גַּם עַל הַפֵּרוֹת, שֶׁאָמַר לָהּ: דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִּנְכָסַיִךְ וּבְפֵרוֹתֵיהֶן, אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ, אֲבָל מוֹכְרִים הַפֵּרוֹת וְלוֹקְחִים בָּהֶם קַרְקַע וְאוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹתָיו. הַגָּה: וְאִם מֵתָה, יוֹרְשָׁהּ (טוּר). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאֵין כּוֹפִין אוֹתָהּ לִמְכֹּר הַפֵּרוֹת, אֶלָּא שֶׁאִם שִׁיְּרָה פֵּרוֹת יִמְכְּרֵם וְיִקְנֶה בָּהֶם קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת (טוּר בְּשֵׁם הָרֹא"שׁ):

4 If he adds on a condition that he will have neither claim also on the produce, when he says to her: I have no claim regarding your possessions or produce, he cannot benefit from the produce while she is alive, but when they sell the fruits and buy for themselves land [with the money], he can eat the fruit. Rema: and if she dies, he inherits it (Tur). And there are those who say that he does not force her to sell the produce, but if there were fruits leftover he can sell them and buys land [with the money], and eats the fruit [of the new land] (Tur in the name of the Rosh).

ה הוֹסִיף לְהַתְנוֹת עִמָּהּ שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל פֵּרוֹת נְכָסֶיהָ וְלֹא פֵּרֵי פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶם, לוֹקְחִין הַפֵּרוֹת וְקוֹנִים בָּהֶם קַרְקַע, וְלוֹקְחִים פֵּרוֹת קַרְקַע זוֹ וְקוֹנִים בָּהֶם קַרְקַע שְׁנִיָּה, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵן פֵּרֵי [דְפֵרֵי] פֵּרוֹת. וְכֵן הַדָּבָר תָּמִיד, עַד שֶׁיַּתְנֶה עִמָּהּ שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה לוֹ פֵּרוֹת וְלֹא פֵּרוֹת פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶן עַד לְעוֹלָם, וְאָז לֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ שׁוּם צַד פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ:

5 If he went on to state the condition with her that he would not benefit from the increase of her assets or even of the increase of the increase, then they take the increase and real property with it, and then they take the increase of that property and buy a second property with that, and he may benefit from the increase of that one, that is, the increase of the increase of the increase. And so on always, up to the point that he states the condition with her that he should not have the increase and not their increase forever, and then he has no aspect of the increase in her lifetime.

ו כָּתַב לָהּ: דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִּנְכָסַיִךְ וּבְפֵרֵי פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְלֹא הִזְכִּיר הַפֵּרוֹת, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאוֹכֵל הַפֵּרוֹת וְלֹא פֵּרֵי פֵּרוֹת, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁגַּם הַפֵּרוֹת אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל:

6 He writes to her: I don't have any claim to your property or your produce's produce, but he did not mention the produce, there are those who say that he can eat the produce but not the produce's produce. There are those who say that he also cannot eat the produce.

ז הִתְנָה עִמָּהּ שֶׁלֹּא יִירָשֶׁנָּה, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִירָשֶׁנָּה, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. וְכֵן אִם הִתְנָה עִמָּהּ שֶׁיִירָשׁ מִקְצָת נְכָסִים, וְכֵן אִם הִתְנָה עִמָּהּ שֶׁאִם מֵתָה בְּלֹא בָּנִים יַחַזְרוּ הַנְּכָסִים לְבֵית אָבִיהָ, הַכֹּל קַיָּם. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, שֶׁהִתְנָה עִמָּהּ קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּנָּשֵׂא, בְּעוֹדָהּ אֲרוּסָה, אוֹ בְּכוֹתֵב לָהּ בִּכְתֻבָּתָהּ בִּשְׁעַת כְּנִיסָה, אֲבָל אִם הִתְנָה עִמָּהּ אַחַר שֶׁנְּשָׂאָהּ, תְּנָאוֹ בָּטֵל, וְיִירָשֶׁנָּה. הַגָּה: וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן ס"ט. וְהָא דְּלָא מְהַנֵּי תְּנַאי לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת, דַּוְקָא שֶׁאָמַר שֶׁלֹּא יִירָשֶׁנָּה; מִכָּל מָקוֹם, אִם מְחַיֵּב עַצְמוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר לְיוֹרְשֶׁיהָ מַה שֶּׁיּוֹרֵשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, צָרִיךְ לְקַיֵּם (הָרַ"ן רֵישׁ הַכּוֹתֵב בְּשֵׁם הָרַמְבַּ"ן וְרִיבָ"שׁ סִימָן ס"ד וְק"ב):

7 If he makes a condition with her that he will not inherit her, behold he does not inherit her, but he can eat the usufruct during her lifetime. Similarly if he makes a condition that he will inherit part of her inheritance, or that if she dies without sons the property reverts to her father's house, all is valid. What are we talking about? That he made the condition with her before their marriage, while she was betrothed, or written into her ketubah at the time of the betrothal, but if he made the condition with her after the marriage, the condition is null, and he will inherit her. HGH: See above ch. 69. And it's only in the case of "I will not inherit her" written after marriage, that the agreement is null; in any case, if he obligates himself to pass the property he inherits from her on to her heirs, he must fulfill the obligation. (Ran beginning of Hakoteiv in the name of Ramban, and Rivash chs. 64 and 102).

ח הִתְנָה עִמָּהּ אַחַר נִשּׁוּאִין שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ לוֹ דִּין וּדְבָרִים בִּנְכָסֶיהָ וְלֹא בְּפֵרֵי פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ עַד עוֹלָם בְּחַיֶּיהָ וּבְמוֹתָהּ, הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת כְּלָל, אֲבָל אִם מֵתָה יִירָשֶׁנָּה. הַגָּה: סִלֵּק עַצְמוֹ מִנִּכְסֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, וְחָזַר וּנְשָׂאָהּ סְתָם, עַל תְּנַאי הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא מַחֲזִירָהּ (רַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן תתקס"ב):

8 If he stated the condition with her after they were married that he should have no interest in her assets or in the increase of their increase forever in her lifetime or after her death, then he does not benefit from their increase at all; but if she dies he does inherit from her. Rema: if he separated himself from his wife's assets and he divorced her, and then he married her again without comment, he takes her back under the original conditions (Rashba paragraph 562).

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