Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 177

Siman 177

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְעֻדָּה, אִם הֵם דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְעֻדָּה דְּהַיְנוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ לִקְבֹּעַ סְעֻדָּה עֲלֵיהֶם לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶת הַפַּת, כְּגוֹן: בָּשָׂר, וְדָגִים, וּבֵיצִים, וִירָקוֹת, וּגְבִינָה, וְדַיְסָא וּמִינֵי מְלוּחִים, אֲפִלּוּ אוֹכְלָם בְּלֹא פַּת אֵין טְעוּנִין בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם, דְּבִרְכַּת הַמּוֹצִיא פּוֹטַרְתָּן; וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, דְּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן פּוֹטַרְתָּן; וְאִם הֵם דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הַסְעֻדָּה, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ לִקְבֹּעַ סְעֻדָּה עֲלֵיהֶם לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶת הַפַּת, כְּגוֹן: תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים וְכָל מִינֵי פֵּרוֹת, וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן קס"ח סָעִיף ח', אִם אוֹכֵל אוֹתָם בְּלֹא פַּת, טְעוּנִין בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם דְּבִרְכַּת הַמּוֹצִיא אֵינָהּ פּוֹטַרְתָּן, דְּלָאו מֵעִקַּר סְעֻדָּה הֵם; וְאֵינָם טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, דְּכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַסְעֻדָּה בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן פּוֹטַרְתָּם; וְאִם בִּתְחִלַּת אֲכִילָתוֹ אָכַל הַפֵּרוֹת עִם פַּת וּבַסוֹף אָכַל עִמָּהֶם פַּת, אֲפִלּוּ אִם בֵּינְתַיִם אָכַל מֵהֶם בְּלֹא פַּת, אֵינָם טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה אַף לִפְנֵיהֶם.
1 Things that come during the meal and after the meal — what is their law. Containing 5 sections: Things that come during the meal — if they are things that come on account of the meal, meaning things that are typically eaten as part of a fixed meal to accompany the bread, such as meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, cheese, porridge, and various salted foods — even if one eats them without bread they do not require a blessing beforehand, as the HaMotzi exempts them, nor afterward, as Grace After Meals exempts them. If they are things that do not come on account of the meal, meaning things that are not typically eaten as part of a fixed meal to accompany the bread, such as figs, grapes, and all kinds of fruit (see above 168:8) — if one eats them without bread they require a blessing beforehand, as HaMotzi does not exempt them since they are not part of the main meal; but they do not require a blessing afterward, since having come during the meal, Grace After Meals exempts them. If at the beginning of his eating he ate the fruits with bread, and at the end he ate bread with them, then even if in the interim he ate some without bread, they do not require a blessing even beforehand.
ב וּדְבָרִים הַבָּאִים לְאַחַר סְעֻדָּה קֹדֶם בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, שֶׁהָיָה מִנְהָג בִּימוֹת חַכְמֵי הַגְּמָרָא שֶׁבְּסוֹף הַסְעֻדָּה הָיוּ מוֹשְׁכִים יְדֵיהֶם מִן הַפַּת וּמְסִירִים אוֹתוֹ וְקוֹבְעִים עַצְמָם לֶאֱכֹל פֵּרוֹת וְלִשְׁתּוֹת כָּל מַה שֶּׁמְּבִיאִים אָז לִפְנֵיהֶם, בֵּין דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְעֻדָּה בֵּין דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הַסְעֻדָּה, טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה בֵּין לִפְנֵיהֶם בֵּין לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, דְּהַמּוֹצִיא וּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן אֵין פּוֹטְרִין אֶלָּא מַה שֶׁנֶּאֱכַל תּוֹךְ עִקַּר הַסְעֻדָּה; וְדִין זֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן אֵינוֹ מָצוּי בֵּינֵינוּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אָנוּ רְגִילִין לִמְשֹׁךְ יָדֵינוּ מִן הַפַּת עַד בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן.
2 Things that come after the meal but before Grace After Meals — it was the practice in the times of the Talmudic sages that at the end of the meal they would withdraw their hands from the bread, remove it, and settle in to eat fruits and drink whatever was brought before them — whether things that come on account of the meal or things that do not come on account of the meal, they require a blessing both beforehand and afterward, as HaMotzi and Grace After Meals only exempt what is eaten during the main meal. This last ruling is not common among us, since we are not accustomed to withdrawing our hands from the bread until Grace After Meals.
ג וְאִם קוֹבֵעַ לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל הַפֵּרוֹת, הֲווּ לֵיהּ הַפֵּרוֹת כִּדְבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְעֻדָּה; וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם אוֹכֵל מֵהַפֵּרוֹת בִּתְחִלַּת סְעוּדָתוֹ בְּלֹא פַּת, אֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ לֹא לִפְנֵיהֶם וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִין, וְלָכֵן טוֹב שֶׁיֹּאכַל בִּתְחִלָּה מֵהַפֵּרוֹת עִם פַּת, וְאָז אֲפִלּוּ אִם אַחַר כָּךְ יֹאכַל מֵהֶם בְּלֹא פַּת אֵינָם טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה כְּלָל. הַגָּה: וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר לְבַסּוֹף לֶאֱכֹל עִמָּהֶם פַּת, מֵאַחַר שֶׁעִקַּר קְבִיעוּת הָיָה עֲלַיְהוּ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הר"י).
3 If one fixes his meal's accompaniment upon fruits, the fruits are treated like things that come on account of the meal, and even if he eats the fruits at the beginning of his meal without bread he recites no blessing either before or after them. Some disagree, and therefore it is best that he first eat some of the fruits with bread — for then even if he afterward eats them without bread they require no blessing at all. Rema: And this applies even if he does not return at the end to eat bread with them, since the main fixed eating was upon them. (Beit Yosef in the name of Ri)
ד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ הַפֵּרוֹת לְפָנָיו בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת, כֵּיוָן דִּלְלַפֵּת אֶת הַפַּת הֵם בָּאִים אֵינָם טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה כְּלָל.
4 Even if the fruits were not before him at the time he blessed over the bread — since they come to accompany the bread, they require no blessing at all.
ה אִם אַחַר שֶׁבֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת שָׁלְחוּ לוֹ מִבֵּית אֲחֵרִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ סָמוּךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ עַל הַדּוֹרוֹן, אֲפִלּוּ מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָבֹא לְלַפֵּת אֶת הַפַּת צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶן כְּדִין נִמְלַךְ. וְלֹא רָאִיתִי נִזְהָרִים בָּזֶה, וְאֶפְשָׁר דְּטַעֲמָא דִּסְתָם דַּעַת הָאָדָם עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁמְּבִיאִין לוֹ בַּסְּעֻדָּה וְע"ל סי' ר"ו.
5 If after he blessed over the bread someone from another household that he does not depend on sent him a gift, and he had not had that gift in mind — even things that are typically brought to accompany the bread require a blessing, as in the law of one who changes his mind. (And I have not seen people careful about this, and perhaps the reason is that a person's default intention covers everything that is brought to him during a meal and see above Siman 206.)
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