Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 335

Siman 335

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה, מַצִּילִין מִמֶּנָּה מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת אֲפִלּוּ בְּכֵלִים הַרְבֵּה, דְּאִלּוּ בִּכְלִי אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ מַחֲזִיק מֵאָה סְעֻדּוֹת מַצִּיל. וְאוֹמֵר לַאֲחֵרִים: בּוֹאוּ וְהַצִּילוּ לָכֶם; וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִסְפֹּג, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁלֹּא יָשִׂים הַסְפוֹג בִּמְקוֹם הַיַּיִן לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַטִּיפוֹ, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִסְחֹט. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ בֵּית אֲחִיזָה, דְּלֵיכָּא חֲשַׁשׁ סְחִיטָה, אָסוּר, שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בַּחֹל; וְלֹא יְטַפַּח בַּשֶּׁמֶן לְהַכְנִיס יָדוֹ וּלְקַנְּחָהּ בִּשְׂפַת הַכְּלִי. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּוְקָא חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה, שֶׁבָּהוּל וְאִם יַצִּיל חַיְישִׁינָן שֶׁיְּתַקְּנֶנּוּ, אֲבָל אִם נִסְדַּק וְעָבִיד טִיף טִיף, שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּהוּל כָּל כָּךְ, מֻתָּר לְהַצִּיל בְּכֵלִים לִקְלֹט וּלְצָרֵף (הַגָּהוֹת מָרְדְּכַי וְתוס' פ' כ"כ וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פכ"ב). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּכָל זֶה לֹא מַיְרֵי אֶלָּא לְהַצִּיל מֵחָצֵר לְחָצֵר, אֲבָל לְבַיִת אַחֵר שֶׁעֵרֵב עִמּוֹ מַצִּילִין בְּכָל עִנְיָן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל גַּבֵּי דְּלֵקָה (פִּסְקֵי מהרא"י קצ"ו).
1 The Laws of a Barrel that Broke, 5 Seifim: If a barrel breaks, one may save three meals from it, even using multiple containers. If he uses one container, he can even save one hundred meals. He may also tell others, "Come and save for yourselves." He cannot sponge it, meaning putting a sponge near the wine to drip it out, this being a rabbinic enactment lest he come to squeeze it, [a prohibited labor]. This is true even if the sponge has a handle to avoid the problem of squeezing, because he should not do this the way he would do it on a weekday. One may not dab up oil, dipping his fingers in it and rubbing it off on the sides of a container [so that the oil runs down the sides and is thereby collected]. Rema: There are some who restrict this to a broken barrel, because in that case, he is panicked, and if he is allowed to save its contents we fear that he will fix it. However, if it is cracked and slowly dripping, he is less panicked, and is allowed to save the contents in containers, collecting and combining (Hagahot Mordechai and Tosafot Perek Kol Kitvei and Hagahot Maimoni Chapter 22). There are some who say that this all refers to saving food from one yard to another, but to another house that is enclosed with his house, he may save everything, as has been explained above regarding fires (Piskei Mahara"i Chatper 196).
ב אִם נִשְׁבְּרָה בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ, מֵבִיא כְּלִי וּמַנִּיחַ תַּחְתֶּיהָ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יָבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וְיִקְלֹט לְקַבֵּל מִן הַקִּלּוּחַ בַּאֲוִיר לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּרַד מִן הַגַּג, וְלֹא יָבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וִיצָרֵף אוֹתוֹ לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג; וְאִם מַצִּיל בִּכְלִי אֶחָד, מַצִּיל אֲפִלּוּ קוֹלֵט אוֹ מְצָרֵף.
2 If a barrel on the roof broke, he can bring a container and put it underneath, as long has he doesn't bring an additional container to collect the liquid in the air that fell off the roof and another container to connect to the roof. If he's using one container, it is allowed even to collect in the air or to attach to the roof.
ג נִזְדַּמְּנוּ לוֹ אוֹרְחִים מֵבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וְקוֹלֵט, כְּלִי אַחֵר וִיצָרֵף; וְלֹא יִקְלֹט וִיצָרֵף וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַזְמִין לוֹ הָאוֹרְחִים, וְלֹא יַעֲרִים לִזְמַן אוֹרְחִים שֶׁאֵין צְרִיכִים לֶאֱכֹל. הַגָּה: וּמִיהוּ אִם עָבַר וְעָשָׂה, שֶׁקָּלַט וְאַחַר כָּךְ זִמֵּן אוֹרְחִים, מֻתָּר (רַמְבַּ"ן וְהַמַּגִּיד פכ"א).
3 If he has guests, he can take an additional container to collect the liquid in the air and to attach to the roof, but he shouldn't do these things and then invite guests, nor should he treat this as a loophole, inviting guests who don't need to eat. Rema: However, if he sinned and did such, collecting and then inviting guests, it is permitted (Ramban and the Magid Chapter 22).
ד אִם יָזוּב תִּירוֹשׁ מִגִּיגִית שֶׁל עֲנָבִים שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נִדְרְכוּ, שֶׁנִּמְצָא אוֹתוֹ הַדֶּלֶף אֵינוֹ רָאוּי, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַמַּשְׁקִין שֶׁזָּבוּ אֲסוּרִים וְאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לָשִׂים כְּלִי תַּחְתָּיו מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּבַטְּלוֹ מֵהֵיכָנוֹ; כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, יַנִּיחַ שָׁם מִטָּתוֹ אוֹ שֻׁלְחָנוֹ, וְאָז יִהְיֶה אוֹתוֹ הַדֶּלֶף לְפָנָיו גְּרָף שֶׁל רְעִי וְיָכוֹל לְהַנִּיחַ שָׁם כְּלִי לְקַבֵּל הַדֶּלֶף כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֵעָשֶׂה שָׁם טִיט, וּכְשֶׁיִּתְמַלֵּא הַכְּלִי לֹא יִזְרְקֶנּוּ בִּכְלִי אַחֵר, שֶׁלֹּא יְבַטְּלֶנּוּ מֵהֵיכָנוֹ, אֶלָּא מְרִיקוֹ בְּתוֹךְ הַגִּיגִית שֶׁזָּבוּ הַמַּשְׁקִין מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁהִיא מְבֻטֶּלֶת מֵהֵיכָנָהּ עַל יְדֵי מַשְׁקִין שֶׁבָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקִין שֶׁזָּבוּ.
4 If wine flows from grapes in a tub that had not yet been pressed, the droppings are not usable because the drinks that flowed out are forbidden, and therefore he is not permitted to put a dish underneath because he will disqualify the dish from being used for other purposes, [as it would now contain something forbidden]. What should he do? He should put his bed or table underneath, and then the droppings will be like a chamber pot [i.e., disgusting], and then he can put a container to collect them in order to not make a mess. When the container fills up, he should not throw the contents into another container and thus disqualify that container from use. Rather, he should empty it back into the tub which it came from, for the tub is already disqualified from use because of the drinks in it and the drinks that flowed from it.
ה נִתְפַּזְּרוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת בֶּחָצֵר, אֶחָד הֵנָּה וְאֶחָד הֵנָּה, מְלַקֵּט מְעַט מְעַט וְאוֹכֵל וְלֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹךְ הַסַל וְלֹא לְתוֹךְ הַקֻּפָּה; וְאִם נָפְלוּ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, נוֹתֵן אֲפִלּוּ לְתוֹךְ הַסַל, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ צְרוֹרוֹת וְעַפְרוּרִית שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר שֶׁאָז מְלַקֵּט אֶחָד אֶחָד וְאוֹכֵל, וְלֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹךְ הַסַל וְלֹא לְתוֹךְ הַקֻּפָּה וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סי' שי"ט.
5 If fruit are spread around his yard, one here and one there, he can gather them slowly and eat them, but he cannot put them in a basket or a pail. If they all fell in one place, he can even put them in a basket, unless they fell into the stones or the dirt in the yard, in which case he gathers them individually and eats them and does not place them in a basket or pail (See above Chapter 319).
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