Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 371

Siman 371

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר שֶׁהִנִּיחַ בֵּיתוֹ וְהָלַךְ וְשָׁבַת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה סְמוּכָה לַחֲצֵרוֹ, אִם הִסִיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶם. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל; אֲבָל בְּעַכּוּ"ם, אֲפִלּוּ הָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּעִיר אַחֶרֶת, אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶם עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכְּרוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מְקוֹמוֹ אִם הוּא קָרוֹב מַהֲלַךְ יוֹם אֶחָד, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיָּבֹא בְּשַׁבָּת; אֲבָל אִם רָחוֹק יוֹתֵר, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁגַּם עַכּוּ"ם, אִם הָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר וְכֵן נִרְאֶה עִקָּר. וְאִם בָּא הָעַכּוּ"ם בְּשַׁבָּת ע"ל סי' שפ"ג.

1 When One of the Courtyard Residents Leaves or Dies — 6 Sections One of the courtyard residents who left his house and went to spend Shabbat in another courtyard — even one adjacent to his own — if he put it out of his mind and does not intend to return to his house on Shabbat, he does not restrict them. This applies to a Jew, but a non-Jew — even if he went to spend Shabbat in another city — still restricts them until they rent his place from him, if it is within one day's journey, since it is possible he may come on Shabbat. But if it is further away, he does not restrict. Some say that a non-Jew too, if he went to spend Shabbat in another courtyard, does not restrict. [And this appears to be the primary ruling] [And if the non-Jew does come on Shabbat, see above Siman 383]

ב יִשְׂרָאֵל בֶּן חָצֵר זוֹ שֶׁהָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְלַךְ בְּשַׁבָּת וְחָזַר, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר.

2 A Jewish courtyard resident who went to spend Shabbat in another courtyard and did not intend to return on Shabbat — but then changed his mind on Shabbat and returned — does not restrict.

ג אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ בַּיִת בְּחָצֵר וָמֵת, וְהִנִּיחַ רְשׁוּתוֹ לְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר, אִם מֵת מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם אֵין הַזּוֹכֶה אוֹסֵר, שֶׁהָעֵרוּב שֶׁמְּעָרֵב עַל בֵּיתוֹ מַתִּיר גַּם מַה שֶּׁיָּרַשׁ; וְאִם מֵת מִשֶּׁחָשְׁכָה, אוֹסֵר; אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֵרֵב הַזּוֹכֶה עִמָּהֶם אֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל לְמַה שֶּׁיָּרַשׁ אַחַר כָּךְ בְּשַׁבָּת.

3 An outsider who had a house in the courtyard and died, leaving his domain to one of the courtyard residents — if he died while it was still day, the inheritor does not restrict, since the eruv he made covers his own house and also permits what he inherited. But if he died after nightfall, he restricts, and even though the inheritor had made an eruv with them, it does not help for what he inherited afterward on Shabbat.

ד אֶחָד מִן הֶחָצֵר שֶׁמֵּת בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם עֵרֵב, אֲפִלּוּ יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַשּׁוּק אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר; וְאִם לֹא עֵרֵב, אִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא לָדוּר עִמָּהֶם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר; בָּא לָדוּר בְּשַׁבָּת בְּבֵית מוֹרִישׁוֹ, אוֹסֵר. וְאִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר, אִם עֵרֵב הַיּוֹרֵשׁ וְהָיָה דָּר עִם הַמּוֹרִישׁ בַּבַּיִת, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב הַמּוֹרִישׁ; וְאִם לֹא הָיָה דָּר עִם הַמּוֹרִישׁ, אֶלָּא בְּבַיִת אַחֵר שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר, אוֹסֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֵרֵב הַיּוֹרֵשׁ כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב הַמּוֹרִישׁ; וְאִם מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם מֵת, וִירָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר וְהוּא שֶׁבָּא הַיּוֹרֵשׁ בְּבֵית מוֹרִישׁוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת.

4 One of the courtyard residents who died on Shabbat — if he had made an eruv, even if an outsider inherits from him, he does not restrict. If he had not made an eruv: if an outsider inherits from him, as long as the outsider does not come to live with them he does not restrict; if he comes to live on Shabbat in the house of his benefactor, he restricts. If one of the courtyard residents inherits from him — if the inheritor had made an eruv and was living together with the deceased in his house, he does not restrict even though the deceased had not made an eruv. But if he was not living with the deceased but in another house in the courtyard, he restricts even though the inheritor had made an eruv, since the deceased had not made an eruv. If the deceased died while it was still day and an outsider inherits from him, the outsider restricts — provided he comes to the deceased's house on Shabbat.

ה יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֵר שֶׁהָיוּ דָּרִים בְּחָצֵר, וּמֵת הַגֵּר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם וְהֶחֱזִיק יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֵר בִּנְכָסָיו, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הֶחֱזִיק עַד שֶׁחָשְׁכָה, אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ כִּשְׁאָר יוֹרֵשׁ. מֵת מִשֶּׁחָשְׁכָה, אֵין הַמַּחֲזִיק אוֹסֵר, שֶׁבְּהֶתֵּר הָרִאשׁוֹן עוֹמֵד.

5 A Jew and a convert who were living in a courtyard, and the convert died while it was still day and a Jew took possession of his property — even if he did not take possession until after nightfall, he restricts until he renounces his domain like any other inheritor. If the convert died after nightfall, the one who took possession does not restrict, since the original permitted status remains in force.

ו אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהָיָה גּוֹסֵס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם, אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיִּזְכּוּ לוֹ בְּפַת וִיעָרְבוּ עָלָיו. וְכֵן קָטָן אוֹסֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכֹל כַּזַּיִת. אֲבָל הָאוֹרֵחַ אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסי' ש"ע.

6 One of the courtyard residents who was dying — even though he cannot survive the day — he restricts until bread is acquired on his behalf and an eruv is made for him. Similarly, a minor restricts even though he cannot eat an olive's worth. But a guest does not restrict, as explained in Siman 370.

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