Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 380

Siman 380

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁשָּׁכַח וְלֹא עֵרֵב עִם הָאֲחֵרִים, אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶם. מַה תַּקָּנָתָם, יְבַטֵּל לָהֶם רְשׁוּתוֹ, שֶׁיֹּאמַר: רְשׁוּתִי מְבֻטֶּלֶת לָכֶם אוֹ קְנוּיָה לָכֶם. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לִקְנוֹת בְּקִנְיַן סוּדָר. וְיָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל אַף מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. וְאִם דָּר עִם אַרְבָּעָה אוֹ חֲמִשָּׁה, צָרִיךְ לְבַטֵּל לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, שֶׁיֹּאמַר: רְשׁוּתִי מְבֻטֶּלֶת לְךָ וּלְךָ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁדַּי שֶׁיֹּאמַר: רְשׁוּתִי מְבֻטֶּלֶת לְכֻלְּכֶם. אִם בִּטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ סְתָם, לֹא בִּטֵּל אֶלָּא רְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בֶּחָצֵר, הִילְכָּךְ הֵם מֻתָּרִים לְהוֹצִיא מִבָּתֵּיהֶם לֶחָצֵר וְגַם הוּא, שֶׁהוּא אֹרַח בְּעָלְמָא, אֲבָל אֲסוּרִין לְהוֹצִיא מִבֵּיתוֹ לֶחָצֵר, וְגַם הוּא. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִנְעֹל בֵּיתוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא לְהוֹצִיא בְּאִסוּר, וְלֹא יִפְתְּחֶנּוּ אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁרוֹצֶה לָצֵאת וְלָבֹא, וְיִנְעֲלֶנּוּ מִיָּד אַחַר צֵאתוֹ וּבוֹאוֹ.
1 Laws of renouncing domain. Contains 4 paragraphs: One of the courtyard residents who forgot and did not make an eruv with the others restricts them. What is their remedy? He renounces his domain to them by saying "my domain is renounced to you" or "transferred to you," and no formal acquisition is required. He may renounce even after nightfall. If he lives with four or five others he must renounce to each one individually, saying "my domain is renounced to you and to you." Some say it suffices to say "my domain is renounced to all of you." If he renounced his domain without specification, he has only renounced his share in the courtyard — therefore they are permitted to carry from their houses to the courtyard, and he too is like a mere guest. But they are forbidden to carry from his house to the courtyard, and so is he. Some say he must lock his house so that he not come to carry out in a forbidden manner, and he should only open it when he wishes to enter or exit, locking it immediately after.
ב אִם בִּטֵּל לָהֶם גַּם רְשׁוּת בֵּיתוֹ, מֻתָּרִין בֵּין הוּא בֵּין הֵם לְהוֹצִיא לֶחָצֵר, בֵּין מִבֵּיתוֹ בֵּין מִבָּתֵּיהֶם.
2 If he also renounced to them the domain of his house, both he and they are permitted to carry to the courtyard from his house as well as from their houses.
ג אִם אֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לְבַטֵּל לָהֶם רְשׁוּתוֹ אֶלָּא לְהַשְׂכִּירוֹ, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁמּוֹעִיל כְּמוֹ בִּטּוּל; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל.
3 If he does not wish to renounce his domain to them but rather to rent it — some say this is effective like renunciation, and some say it is not effective.
ד אִם בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁעֵרְבוּ מְבַטְּלִים רְשׁוּתָם לְאַחַר שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב, הוּא מֻתָּר לְהוֹצִיא מִבֵּיתוֹ לֶחָצֵר, וְלֹא מִבָּתֵּיהֶם, אִם לֹא שֶׁבִּטְּלוּ בְּפֵרוּשׁ גַּם רְשׁוּת בֵּיתָם, (בֵּית יוֹסֵף), וְהֵם אֲסוּרִים אַף מִבֵּיתוֹ לֶחָצֵר; וְלֹא אַמְרִינָן שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כְּאוֹרְחִים, שֶׁאֵין רַבִּים נַעֲשִׂים אוֹרְחִים אֵצֶל יָחִיד. וְהוּא הַדִּין אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם לְבַד, וּבִטֵּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הַמְבַטֵּל אָסוּר אַף בְּשֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וַחֲבֵרוֹ מֻתָּר אַף בְּשֶׁל עַצְמוֹ. וְכֵן רַבִּים שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבוּ, שֶׁנָּתְנוּ רְשׁוּתָם לְרַבִּים שֶׁעֵרְבוּ; לְפִי שֶׁהַיָּחִיד נַעֲשָׂה אוֹרֵחַ אֵצֶל הָרַבִּים, וְרַבִּים אֵינָם נַעֲשִׂים אוֹרְחִים אֲפִלּוּ אֵצֶל הָרַבִּים, וְלֹא הַיָּחִיד אֵצֶל הַיָּחִיד. שָׁכְחוּ שְׁנַיִם וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ, יְכוֹלִים לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתָם, שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם רְשׁוּתוֹ לְכָל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר. בֵּין אִם מְבַטְּלִין לְרַבִּים שֶׁעֵרְבוּ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם יְבַטֵּל לְכָל אֶחָד, בֵּין אִם מְבַטְּלִין לְאֶחָד שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב. אֲבָל אֵין מְבַטְּלִין לִשְׁנַיִם שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבוּ, בֵּין אִם מְבַטְּלִין רַבִּים וְעֵרְבוּ, בֵּין אִם הוּא יָחִיד שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב, שֶׁהֲרֵי אַף לְאַחַר שֶׁיְּבַטְּלוּ לָהֶם הֵם שְׁנַיִם וְאֶחָד אוֹסֵר עַל חֲבֵרוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר לְאֶחָד: אֲנִי מְבַטֵּל לְךָ עַל מְנַת שֶׁתַּחֲזֹר וּתְבַטֵּל לַחֲבֶרְךָ, אֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל.
4 If the courtyard residents who made an eruv renounce their domain to one who did not make an eruv — he is permitted to carry from his house to the courtyard but not from their houses (unless they explicitly renounced the domain of their houses as well). They are forbidden even from his house to the courtyard, and we do not say they become like guests, since many cannot become guests of an individual. The same applies if there were only two and one renounced to the other — the one who renounced is forbidden even in the other's domain, and the other is permitted even in his own. Similarly, many who did not make an eruv who give their domain to many who did make an eruv — since an individual becomes a guest of the many, but many do not become guests even of many, nor does an individual become a guest of an individual. If two forgot and did not make an eruv, they may renounce their domain — each one renouncing his domain to all the courtyard residents — whether renouncing to the many who made an eruv, provided each one renounces to each individual, or whether renouncing to one who did not make an eruv. But they cannot renounce to two who did not make an eruv — whether the many who made an eruv are renouncing or a single individual who did not make an eruv — since even after they renounce to them, there are still two who restrict one another. Even if one says to the other "I renounce to you on condition that you in turn renounce to your fellow" — this is not effective.
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