Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim Siman 381

Siman 381

Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.

א הַמְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ, וְהוֹצִיא אַחַר כָּךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ לֶחָצֵר בְּשׁוֹגֵג, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר; בְּמֵזִיד אוֹסֵר, שֶׁהֲרֵי חוֹזֵר מִבִּטּוּלוֹ שֶׁבִּטֵּל. וְאִם הֶחֱזִיקוּ בּוֹ כְּבָר, שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּ מִבָּתֵּיהֶם לֶחָצֵר אוֹ שֶׁהִכְנִיסוּ מֵחָצֵר לְבָתֵּיהֶם, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר מִבִּטּוּלוֹ. וּלְרַשִׁ"י אֵין חֲזָקָה מוֹעֶלֶת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הֶחֱזִיקוּ מִשֶּׁחָשְׁכָה.

1 Laws of one who renounced his domain and then carried anyway. Containing 7 paragraphs: One who renounced his domain and afterward carried from his house to the courtyard inadvertently does not restrict. If he did so deliberately he restricts, since he thereby retracts his renunciation. But if they had already taken possession meaning they carried from their houses to the courtyard or brought in from the courtyard to their houses he can no longer retract his renunciation. According to Rashi, taking possession is only effective if it occurred after nightfall.

ב יֵשׁ בִּטּוּל רְשׁוּת מֵחָצֵר לְחָצֵר, לֹא שְׁנָא שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת, וּפֶתַח בֵּינֵיהֶן, וְעֵרְבָה כָּל אַחַת לְעַצְמָהּ, וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ יַחַד, יְכוֹלָה כָּל אַחַת לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתָהּ לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ לִהְיוֹתָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהּ, וְלֹא הִיא, לֹא שְׁנָא שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ אֶלָּא הַחִיצוֹנָה לְבַדָּהּ שֶׁפְּנִימִית אוֹסֶרֶת עַל הַחִיצוֹנָה, יְכוֹלָה לְבַטֵּל לָהּ רְשׁוּתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ וְלֹא תַּעֲבֹר עָלֶיהָ אֶלָּא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁצְּרִיכָה לָצֵאת וְתִהְיֶה הַחִיצוֹנָה מֻתֶּרֶת, אוֹ אִם עֵרְבוּ יַחַד וְנָתְנוּ עֵרוּבָן בַּחִיצוֹנָה, וְשָׁכַח אֶחָד מֵהַפְּנִימִית וְלֹא עֵרֵב, יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ לְכָל אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַפְּנִימִית וְגַם לְכָל אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַחִיצוֹנָה, וְיִהְיֶה הוּא לְבַדּוֹ אָסוּר וְכֻלָּם מֻתָּרִים.

2 Renunciation of domain applies from courtyard to courtyard as well. Whether two courtyards with an opening between them where each made its own eruv and they did not make a joint eruv — each one may renounce its domain to the other, making it permitted to use it, but not the reverse. Or whether two courtyards one inside the other where only the outer one made an eruv and the inner one restricts the outer — the inner one may renounce its domain to the outer so that it neither uses nor passes through it except when it needs to exit, and the outer one will be permitted. Or if they made a joint eruv and placed it in the outer one and one person from the inner one forgot and did not make an eruv — he may renounce his domain, meaning he renounces to each member of the inner courtyard and to each member of the outer courtyard, leaving only himself forbidden while all the others are permitted.

ג יֵשׁ בִּטּוּל רְשׁוּת בְּחֻרְבָה, שֶׁאִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים וְחֻרְבָה בֵּינֵיהֶם שֶׁהִיא שֶׁל שְׁנֵיהֶם וְשָׁכְחוּ וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ, יָכוֹל אֶחָד לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְלִהְיוֹתוֹ מֻתָּר בּוֹ.

3 Renunciation of domain applies in a ruin as well — if there were two houses with a ruin between them belonging to both, and they forgot and did not make an eruv, one may renounce his domain to the other and the other will be permitted in it.

ד יֵשׁ בִּטּוּל רְשׁוּת מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת, שֶׁאִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים וּפֶתַח בֵּינֵיהֶם וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ, אֶחָד מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת לַחֲבֵרוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ הַמְבַטֵּל מֻתָּר לְהוֹצִיא מִבֵּיתוֹ לְבֵית חֲבֵרוֹ, אֲבָל אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא מִבֵּית חֲבֵרוֹ לְבֵיתוֹ, שֶׁאָז הָיָה חוֹזֵר וּמַחֲזִיק בָּרְשׁוּת שֶׁבִּטֵּל. וְכֵן אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ חֶדֶר פָּתוּחַ לְבֵיתוֹ וּבִטֵּל רְשׁוּת בֵּיתוֹ, אָסוּר לְהוֹצִיא מֵהַחֶדֶר לְבֵיתוֹ. הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּאֵין לְבַטֵּל מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יַשְׁאִיר לְעַצְמוֹ חֶדֶר אֶחָד שֶׁלֹּא בִּטֵּל וְאָז מֻתָּר לְהַכְנִיס אֲפִלּוּ מִבֵּית חֲבֵרוֹ לְבֵיתוֹ. וְטוֹב לְהַחְמִיר לְכַתְּחִלָּה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַבֵּנוּ יְרוּחָם וְרַבֵּנוּ תָּם וְהַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי פ"ב מֵהִלְכוֹת עֵרוּבִין).

4 Renunciation of domain applies from house to house — if there were two houses with an opening between them and they did not make an eruv, one may renounce his domain to the other. Even the one who renounced is permitted to carry from his house to his fellow's house, but he cannot carry from his fellow's house to his own house, since that would be reclaiming the domain he renounced. Similarly, if he has a room opening into his house and he renounced the domain of his house, he is forbidden to carry from the room into his house. Rema: Some say one may only renounce from house to house if he retains one room for himself that he did not renounce, in which case he is permitted to bring in even from his fellow's house to his own. It is good to be stringent about this at the outset. (Beit Yosef in the name of Rabbeinu Yerucham, Rabbeinu Tam and Hagahot Maimoni Perek 2 in Hilchot Eiruvin

ה שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים בִּשְׁנֵי צִדֵּי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהִקִּיפוּם עַכּוּ"ם מְחִצָּה בְּשַׁבָּת, בְּעִנְיָן שֶׁיֵּשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם כְּמוֹ חָצֵר שֶׁשְּׁנֵי בָּתִּים פְּתוּחִים לוֹ, וַהֲרֵי הֵם אוֹסְרִים זֶה עַל זֶה, אֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לְבַטֵּל אֶחָד לַחֲבֵרוֹ.

5 Two houses on two sides of a public domain that non-Jews enclosed with a partition on Shabbat, creating something like a courtyard to which both houses open, making them restrict one another — they cannot renounce domain to each other.

ו יוֹרֵשׁ מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת, שֶׁאִם לֹא עֵרֵב מוֹרִישׁוֹ, וּמֵת בְּשַׁבָּת, וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ בָּא לָדוּר בֶּחָצֵר וְאוֹסֵר, יָכוֹל לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ.

6 An inheritor may renounce domain — if the deceased had not made an eruv and died on Shabbat and the inheritor comes to live in the courtyard and restricts, he may renounce his domain.

ז מְבַטְּלִין וְחוֹזְרִין וּמְבַטְּלִין; כְּלוֹמַר, שֶׁמְּבַטְּלִים רְשׁוּתָם בְּנֵי חָצֵר זוֹ לִבְנֵי חָצֵר אַחֶרֶת, אוֹ לְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיאוּ מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצוּ, וְחוֹזְרִין וּמְבַטְּלִים לְאוֹתָם שֶׁבִּטְּלוּ לָהֶם עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיאוּ גַּם הֵם מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצוּ.

7 One may renounce and renounce again — meaning the residents of one courtyard renounce their domain to the residents of another courtyard or to one of its members until they carry out whatever they wish, and then those others renounce back to the first ones until they too carry out whatever they wish.

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