Siman 489
Presented here for study, not as a practical ruling. The Shulchan Aruch rules by Sephardi custom, the Rema's glosses by Ashkenazi custom, and the Kitzur follows Ashkenazi custom. For a practical question, ask your rabbi.
א בְּלֵיל שֵׁנִי אַחַר תְּפִלַּת עַרְבִית מַתְחִילִין לִסְפֹּר הָעֹמֶר, וְאִם שָׁכַח לִסְפֹּר בִּתְחִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה הוֹלֵךְ וְסוֹפֵר כָּל הַלַּיְלָה. וּמִצְוָה עַל כָּל אֶחָד לִסְפֹּר לְעַצְמוֹ. וְצָרִיךְ לִסְפֹּר מְעֻמָּד וּלְבָרֵךְ תְּחִלָּה. וְסוֹפֵר הַיָּמִים וְהַשָּׁבוּעוֹת. כֵּיצַד, בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן אוֹמֵר: הַיּוֹם יוֹם אֶחָד בָּעֹמֶר, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לְשִׁבְעָה יָמִים וְאָז יֹאמַר: הַיּוֹם שִׁבְעָה יָמִים שֶׁהֵם שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד בָּעֹמֶר, וּבְיוֹם שְׁמִינִי יֹאמַר: הַיּוֹם שְׁמוֹנָה יָמִים שֶׁהֵם שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד וְיוֹם אֶחָד בָּעֹמֶר, וְכֵן עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יֹאמַר: הַיּוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יָמִים שֶׁהֵם שְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעוֹת בָּעֹמֶר, וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ זֶה מוֹנֶה וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד מ"ט יוֹם.
1 On the second night after the evening prayer, we begin to count the Omer. And if someone forgot to count, [that one may count] from the beginning of the evening onwards. He may account all night. It is a mitzvah for each person to count for themselves. He needs to count standing and bless before. He should count the days and weeks. How? On the first day he should say “today is day one of the Omer”, until he arrives to seven days. [At which point he should say], “they are one week of the Omer.” And on the eighth day he should say “today is eight days and they are one week and one day of the Omer.” And also, when he arrives to the 14th day, he should say “today is 14 days, they are two weeks of the Omer.” And in this way he should count and onwards until the 49th day.
ב אִם טָעוּ בְּיוֹם הַמְּעֻנָּן וּבֵרְכוּ עַל סְפִירַת הָעֹמֶר, חוֹזְרִים לִסְפֹּר כְּשֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. וְהַמְדַקְדְּקִים אֵינָם סוֹפְרִים עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים, וְכֵן רָאוּי לַעֲשׂוֹת.
2 If they (the people who are counting) made a mistake on a cloudy day and they blessed on the counting of the Omer, they should go back to count when it got dark. Those who are punctilious, they do not count until the stars come out [namely, three stars], and this is a proper thing to do.
ג הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל עִם הַצִּבּוּר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, מוֹנֶה עִמָּהֶם בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה. וְאִם יִזְכֹּר בְּלַיְלָה יְבָרֵךְ וְיִסְפֹּר. הַגָּה: וַאֲפִלּוּ עָנָה אָמֵן עַל בִּרְכַּת הַקָּהָל, אִם הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לָצֵאת, יַחֲזֹר וִיבָרֵךְ וְיִסְפֹּר בַּלַּיְלָה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַשְׁבָּ"א).
3 The one who prays with the community during the day, he should count with them without a blessing. And if he remembers at night, she should bless and count. Rema: And even if he answered “amen” to the blessing of the community, if he had the awareness that he was not fulfilled [of his obligation], he may go back and he may bless and count that night. (Beit Yosef in the name of the Rashba)
ד מִי שֶׁשּׁוֹאֵל אוֹתוֹ חֲבֵרוֹ בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת כַּמָּה יְמֵי הַסְפִירָה בְּזֶה הַלַּיְלָה, יֹאמַר לוֹ: אֶתְמוֹל הָיָה כָּךְ, שֶׁאִם יֹאמַר לוֹ: הַיּוֹם כָּךְ וְכָךְ, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַחֲזֹר וְלִמְנוֹת בִּבְרָכָה; אֲבָל קֹדֶם בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין זְמַן סְפִירָה אֵין בְּכָךְ כְּלוּם. הַגָּה: וּכְשֶׁהִגִּיעַ הַזְּמַן, אֲסוּרִין לֶאֱכֹל עַד שֶׁיִּסְפֹּר. וַאֲפִלּוּ הִתְחִיל לֶאֱכֹל, פּוֹסֵק וְסוֹפֵר; מִיהוּ אִם הִתְחִיל לֶאֱכֹל קֹדֶם שֶׁהִגִּיעַ הַזְּמַן, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְסִיק אֶלָּא גּוֹמֵר אֲכִילָתוֹ וְסוֹפֵר אַחַר כָּךְ (דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ לְמָאן דְּאָמַר סְפִירָה בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה דְּאוֹרַיְתָא).
4 The one who asks his friend [during the period of time] between sunset and when the stars come out, “how many days of the counting [of the Omer] is it tonight?”, he should say to him, “yesterday was such and such.” Because if he had said to him, “Today is such and such,” he would not be able to go back and count with a blessing. However, [if he answered back] before [the period of time] between sunset and when the stars come out [he can go back and count], since it wasn’t the time of the counting of the Omer [which is when it is night time] and it doesn’t count for anything. Rema: And when the time arrives [to count], it is forbidden to eat until he counts and even if he began to eat, he should stop and count. However, if he began to eat before the time [to count] arrived, it is not necessary for him to stop except [when] he finishes his eating and counts afterwards. (These are his own words because he said counting in our time is D'Oraita (Toraitic Law).)
ה אִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן, וּפָתַח אַדַּעְתָּא דִּלְסַיֵּם כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, וְשָׁתַק עַד שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְסִיֵּם כָּמוֹהוּ, יָצָא.
5 If he does not know [which day of the Omer it is], and he opens [his mouth to bless on the day] with the intention to finish [the blessing] like [what] he will hear his friend [say as he ends the blessing], and he stops talking until he hears his friend, and then finishes [the blessing] like him, then he has fulfilled his obligation [to count the Omer].
ו אִם פָּתַח וְאָמַר: בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אַדַּעְתָּא דְּלֵימָא הַיּוֹם ד', שֶׁהוּא סָבוּר שֶׁהֵם ד', וְנִזְכַּר וְסִיֵּם בְּה', וְהֵם ה'; אוֹ אִיפְּכָא, שֶׁהֵם ד' וּפָתַח אַדַּעְתָּא דְּלֵימָא אַרְבָּעָה, וְטָעָה וְסִיֵּם בְּה', אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ.
6 [The Shulchan Aruch here will present two cases in which the counter thinks one number and says another, and in both cases, the counter cannot go back and bless the day correctly]: [For example]: If he opens [his mouth to bless on the day] and says, “Praised are you, God, Our God, king of the universe” with the intention to say, “today is four [days of the omer]“, because he thinks that the count is four, and then he remembers [the correct day] and finished [the blessing] with [the number] “five” and the [days are indeed five] Or on the contrary [another case], that [the count of the days] is four and he opens with the intention to say four and he was mistaken and finished [the blessing] with five [days of the omer], he should not go back and bless [on the day correctly].
ז שָׁכַח וְלֹא בֵּרַךְ כָּל הַלַּיְלָה, יִסְפֹּר בַּיּוֹם בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה.
7 If he forgot [to count] and did not do the blessing all night, he should count during the day without a blessing.
ח אִם שָׁכַח לְבָרֵךְ בְּאֶחָד מֵהַיָּמִים, בֵּין יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן בֵּין מִשְּׁאָר יָמִים, סוֹפֵר בִּשְׁאָר יָמִים בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה; אֲבָל אִם הוּא מְסֻפָּק אִם דִּלֵּג יוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא סָפַר, יִסְפֹּר בִּשְׁאָר יָמִים בִּבְרָכָה.
8 If he forgot to bless on one of the days, between the first day [of the omer] and the rest of the days, he should count the rest of the days without a blessing. But, if he uncertain if he skipped a single day and didn’t count, he should count the days with a blessing.
ט לֵיל שַׁבָּת וְלֵיל יוֹם טוֹב מְבָרְכִים וְסוֹפְרִים אַחַר קִדּוּשׁ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת; וּבְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב, קֹדֶם הַבְדָּלָה אַחַר קַדִּישׁ תִּתְקַבַּל; וּכְשֶׁחָל יוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח בְּמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, דְּאָז אוֹמֵר קִדּוּשׁ וְהַבְדָּלָה בְּפַעַם אַחַת, יֵשׁ לִסְפֹּר קֹדֶם שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין עַל הַכּוֹס בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת. הַגָּה: וְאִם אֵין לוֹ יַיִן וְצָרִיךְ לְקַדֵּשׁ יקנה"ז, עַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן רצ"ו.
9 On Friday night, or on the night of a Yom Tov day (a category of days in which most of the Shabbat rules are in effect), we bless and count after the Kiddush in the Synagogue. And on Saturday evening, or the end of the Yom Tov day, [we bless and count] before the Havdalah [prayer in the Evening Amidah], but after Kaddish Shalem. And if the last Yom Tov day of Passover falls on Saturday night, then he should say Kiddush and Havdalah in one period of time, he still has to count before they do the blessing over Kiddush at the synagogue. (Namely, our counting should be about the same time that they would do Kiddush in the synagogue) Rema: And if he does not have any wine, he needs to bless YKNH”Z. See an earlier location, Siman 196.
י אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל חָדָשׁ אַף בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה, בֵּין לֶחֶם בֵּין קָלִי בֵּין כַּרְמֶל, עַד תְּחִלַּת לֵיל י"ח בְּנִיסָן; וּבְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, עַד תְּחִלַּת י"ז בְּנִיסָן.
10 It is forbidden to eat a new [grain] (as opposed to dried or old grain), even now whether bread, toasted grain, unripe (or damp) grain until the beginning of the evening of the 18th of Nissan, and in the Land of Israel, until the beginning of the evening of the 17th of Nissan.